Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
Adv Mater. 2012 Aug 28;24(33):4473-98. doi: 10.1002/adma.201201715. Epub 2012 Jul 16.
The template carbonization method is a powerful tool for producing carbon materials with precisely controlled structures at the nanometer level. The resulting templated nanocarbons exhibit extraordinarily unique (often ordered) structures that could never be produced by any of the conventional methods for carbon production. This review summarizes recent publications about templated nanocarbons and their composites used for energy storage applications, including hydrogen storage, electrochemical capacitors, and lithium-ion batteries. The main objective of this review is to clarify the true significance of the templated nanocarbons for each application. For this purpose, the performance characteristics of almost all templated nanocarbons reported thus far are listed and compared with those of conventional materials, so that the advantages/disadvantages of the templated nanocarbons are elucidated. From the practical point of view, the high production cost and poor mass-producibility of the templated nanocarbons make them rather difficult to utilize; however, the study of their unique, specific, and ordered structures enables a deeper insight into energy storage mechanisms and the guidelines for developing energy storage materials. Thus, another important purpose of this work is to establish such general guidelines and to propose future strategies for the production of carbon materials with improved performance for energy storage applications.
模板碳化法是一种强大的工具，可用于生产具有纳米级精确控制结构的碳材料。所得的模板纳米碳显示出非常独特（通常是有序的）的结构，这是任何传统的碳生产方法都无法产生的。本综述总结了关于用于储能应用（包括储氢、电化学电容器和锂离子电池）的模板纳米碳及其复合材料的最新出版物。本综述的主要目的是阐明模板纳米碳在每种应用中的真正意义。为此，列出了迄今为止报道的几乎所有模板纳米碳的性能特征，并将其与传统材料进行了比较，从而阐明了模板纳米碳的优缺点。从实际的角度来看，模板纳米碳的高生产成本和较差的大规模生产能力使得它们很难利用；然而，对其独特、特定和有序结构的研究使人们能够更深入地了解储能机制和开发储能材料的指导方针。因此，这项工作的另一个重要目的是建立这样的一般指导方针，并为提高储能应用的碳材料的性能提出未来的策略。
