主要与跑步相关的肌肉骨骼损伤有哪些？系统评价。

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal injuries occur frequently in runners and despite many studies about running injuries conducted over the past decades it is not clear in the literature what are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries (RRMIs). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to systematically review studies on the incidence and prevalence of the main specific RRMIs. METHODS: An electronic database search was conducted using EMBASE (1947 to October 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2011), SPORTDiscus(1975 to October 2011), the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) [1982 to October 2011] and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) [1998 to October 2011] with no limits of date or language of publication. Articles that described the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were considered eligible. Studies that reported only the type of injury, anatomical region or incomplete data that precluded interpretation of the incidence or prevalence rates of RRMIs were excluded. We extracted data regarding bibliometric characteristics, study design, description of the population of runners, RRMI definition, how the data of RRMIs were collected and the name of each RRMI with their rates of incidence or prevalence. Separate analysis for ultra-marathoners was performed. Among 2924 potentially eligible titles, eight studies (pooled n = 3500 runners) were considered eligible for the review. In general, the articles had moderate risk of bias and only one fulfilled less than half of the quality criteria established. RESULTS: A total of 28 RRMIs were found and the main general RRMIs were medial tibial stress syndrome (incidence ranging from 13.6% to 20.0%; prevalence of 9.5%), Achilles tendinopathy (incidence ranging from 9.1% to 10.9%; prevalence ranging from 6.2% to 9.5%) and plantar fasciitis (incidence ranging from 4.5% to 10.0%; prevalence ranging from 5.2% to 17.5%). The main ultra-marathon RRMIs were Achilles tendinopathy (prevalence ranging from 2.0% to 18.5%) and patellofemoral syndrome (prevalence ranging from 7.4% to 15.6%). CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides evidence that medial tibia stress syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis were the main general RRMIs, while Achilles tendinopathy and patellofemoral syndrome were the most common RRMIs for runners who participated in ultra-marathon races.

背景：肌肉骨骼损伤在跑步者中很常见，尽管过去几十年来有许多关于跑步损伤的研究，但文献中仍不清楚哪些是主要的与跑步相关的肌肉骨骼损伤（RRMIs）。

目的：本研究旨在系统回顾关于主要特定 RRMIs 的发生率和患病率的研究。

方法：使用 EMBASE（1947 年至 2011 年 10 月）、MEDLINE（1966 年至 2011 年 10 月）、SPORTDiscus（1975 年至 2011 年 10 月）、拉丁美洲和加勒比卫生科学信息中心（LILACS）[1982 年至 2011 年 10 月]和科学电子图书馆在线（SciELO）[1998 年至 2011 年 10 月]进行电子数据库搜索，对日期或语言发表没有限制。描述 RRMIs 发生率或患病率的文章被认为是合格的。仅报告损伤类型、解剖区域或不完全数据，无法解释 RRMIs 发生率或患病率的研究被排除在外。我们提取了有关文献计量学特征、研究设计、跑步者人群描述、RRMI 定义、RRMI 数据收集方式以及每个 RRMI 及其发生率或患病率的信息。对超长距离跑步者进行了单独分析。在 2924 篇潜在合格的标题中，有 8 项研究（汇总 n=3500 名跑步者）被认为符合审查条件。总体而言，这些文章的偏倚风险中等，只有一项研究满足不到一半的既定质量标准。

结果：共发现 28 种 RRMIs，主要的一般 RRMIs 为胫骨内侧应力综合征（发生率为 13.6%至 20.0%；患病率为 9.5%）、跟腱病（发生率为 9.1%至 10.9%；患病率为 6.2%至 9.5%）和足底筋膜炎（发生率为 4.5%至 10.0%；患病率为 5.2%至 17.5%）。主要的超长距离 RRMIs 为跟腱病（患病率为 2.0%至 18.5%）和髌股关节综合征（患病率为 7.4%至 15.6%）。

结论：本系统评价提供的证据表明，胫骨内侧应力综合征、跟腱病和足底筋膜炎是主要的一般性 RRMIs，而跟腱病和髌股关节综合征是参加超长距离跑步的跑步者最常见的 RRMIs。