Flores-Ramírez Rogelio, Rico-Escobar Edna, Núñez-Monreal Jorge E, García-Nieto Edelmira, Carrizales Leticia, Ilizaliturri-Hernández César, Díaz-Barriga Fernando
Centro de Investigacion Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud, CIACYT-Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Salud Publica Mex. 2012 Jul-Aug;54(4):383-92. doi: 10.1590/s0036-36342012000400008.
To assess the exposure to lead in children living in various types of contaminated sites.
The study was conducted from June 2008 to December 2009 at four sites in Mexico: Avalos metallurgical, Chihuahua; Morales metallurgical, San Luis Potosí (SLP); Trinidad pottery area, Tlaxcala and Cedral mine site, SLP. These sites contain different sources of lead. The metal levels were quantified in outdoor dust and in peripheral blood of children.
Lead dust concentrations exceed the National Guidelines for residential soils (400 mg/kg) in a range of values for the four sites from 62 to 5 187 mg/kg. Regarding biological monitoring, the studied children showed maximum lead blood levels of 22 µg/dL in Cedral, 31 µg/dL in Morales, 32 µg/dL in Avalos, and 52 µg/dL in Trinidad. It is important to mention that in all the studied sites, a significative positive correlation was found between blood lead levels and the lead concentrations in dust.
These sites are an example of the health risks related to lead exposure in Mexico; therefore, there is an urgent need for a national public health program aimed at reducing lead exposure in vulnerable populations.
评估生活在各类受污染场地的儿童的铅暴露情况。
该研究于2008年6月至2009年12月在墨西哥的四个场地进行：奇瓦瓦州阿瓦洛斯冶金厂；圣路易斯波托西州（SLP）莫拉莱斯冶金厂；特拉斯卡拉州特立尼达陶工区；圣路易斯波托西州塞德拉矿场。这些场地含有不同的铅源。对儿童户外灰尘和外周血中的金属含量进行了定量分析。
四个场地的铅尘浓度均超过了国家住宅土壤指南（400毫克/千克），范围在62至5187毫克/千克之间。关于生物监测，所研究儿童的血铅最高水平在塞德拉为22微克/分升，在莫拉莱斯为31微克/分升，在阿瓦洛斯为32微克/分升，在特立尼达为52微克/分升。需要指出的是，在所有研究场地中，血铅水平与灰尘中的铅浓度之间均存在显著的正相关。
这些场地是墨西哥与铅暴露相关的健康风险的一个例证；因此，迫切需要制定一项旨在减少弱势群体铅暴露的国家公共卫生计划。
