Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Sep;96(3):492-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039750. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
Obesity is emerging as the most significant health concern of the 21st century. Although this is attributable in part to changes in our environment-including the increased prevalence of energy-dense food-it also appears that several lifestyle factors may increase our vulnerability to this calorie-rich landscape. Epidemiologic studies have begun to show links between adiposity and behaviors such as television watching, alcohol intake, and sleep deprivation. However, these studies leave unclear the direction of this association. In addition, studies that investigated the acute impact of these factors on food intake have reported a wide variety of effect sizes, from highly positive to slightly negative.
The purpose of this article was to provide a meta-analysis of the relation between lifestyle choices and increases in acute food intake.
An initial search was performed on PubMed to collect articles relating television watching, sleep deprivation, and alcohol consumption to food intake. Only articles published before February 2012 were considered. Studies that took place in a controlled, laboratory setting with healthy individuals were included. Studies were analyzed by using 3 meta-analyses with random-effects models. In addition, a 1-factor ANOVA was run to discover any main effect of lifestyle.
The 3 most prominent lifestyle factors-television watching, alcohol intake, and sleep deprivation-had significant short-term effects on food intake, with alcohol being more significant (Cohen's d = 1.03) than sleep deprivation (Cohen's d = 0.49) and television watching (Cohen's d = 0.2).
Our results suggest that television watching, alcohol intake, and sleep deprivation are not merely correlated with obesity but likely contribute to it by encouraging excessive eating. Because these behaviors are all known to affect cognitive functions involved in reward saliency and inhibitory control, it may be that they represent common mechanisms through which this eating is facilitated.
肥胖正成为 21 世纪最重要的健康问题。虽然这在一定程度上是由于我们的环境变化造成的，包括高热量食物的普及，但似乎有几个生活方式因素可能会增加我们对这种高热量环境的脆弱性。流行病学研究已经开始显示肥胖与看电视、饮酒和睡眠不足等行为之间存在联系。然而，这些研究并没有明确这种关联的方向。此外，研究这些因素对食物摄入的急性影响的研究报告了从高度正到轻微负的各种效应大小。
本文旨在对生活方式选择与急性食物摄入增加之间的关系进行荟萃分析。
最初在 PubMed 上进行了搜索，以收集与看电视、睡眠剥夺和饮酒与食物摄入有关的文章。只考虑发表于 2012 年 2 月之前的文章。纳入了在控制、实验室环境下进行的、以健康个体为研究对象的研究。使用 3 项具有随机效应模型的荟萃分析对研究进行分析。此外，还进行了 1 因素方差分析，以发现生活方式的任何主要影响。
3 种最突出的生活方式因素——看电视、饮酒和睡眠剥夺——对食物摄入有显著的短期影响，其中饮酒的影响更为显著（Cohen's d = 1.03），其次是睡眠剥夺（Cohen's d = 0.49）和看电视（Cohen's d = 0.2）。
我们的结果表明，看电视、饮酒和睡眠不足不仅与肥胖有关，而且可能通过鼓励过量进食而促成肥胖。由于这些行为都已知会影响与奖励显著性和抑制控制相关的认知功能，因此它们可能代表了促进这种进食的常见机制。
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