Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
J Dent Res. 2012 Sep;91(9):853-8. doi: 10.1177/0022034512455031. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
White-spot lesions (WSL) associated with orthodontic appliances are a cosmetic problem and increase risk for cavities. We characterized the microbiota of WSL, accounting for confounding due to gingivitis. Participants were 60 children with fixed appliances, aged between 10 and 19 yrs, half with WSL. Plaque samples were assayed by a 16S rRNA-based microarray (HOMIM) and by PCR. Mean gingival index was positively associated with WSL (p = 0.018). Taxa associated with WSL by microarray included Granulicatella elegans (p = 0.01), Veillonellaceae sp. HOT 155 (p < 0.01), and Bifidobacterium Cluster 1 (p = 0.11), and by qPCR, Streptococcus mutans (p = 0.008) and Scardovia wiggsiae (p = 0.04) Taxa associated with gingivitis by microarray included: Gemella sanguinis (p = 0.002), Actinomyces sp. HOT 448 (p = 0.003), Prevotella cluster IV (p = 0.021), and Streptococcus sp. HOT 071/070 (p = 0.023); and levels of S. mutans (p = 0.02) and Bifidobacteriaceae (p = 0.012) by qPCR. Species' associations with WSL were minimally changed with adjustment for gingivitis level. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis yielded good discrimination between children with and those without WSL. Granulicatella, Veillonellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, in addition to S. mutans and S. wiggsiae, were associated with the presence of WSL in adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment. Many taxa showed a stronger association with gingivitis than with WSL.
白色斑点病变（WSL）与正畸器械相关，是一个美容问题，并增加了龋齿的风险。我们对 WSL 的微生物群进行了特征分析，考虑到了牙龈炎的混杂因素。参与者为 60 名年龄在 10 至 19 岁之间的固定矫治器儿童，其中一半有 WSL。通过基于 16S rRNA 的微阵列（HOMIM）和 PCR 分析菌斑样本。平均牙龈指数与 WSL 呈正相关（p = 0.018）。通过微阵列与 WSL 相关的分类群包括 Granulicatella elegans（p = 0.01）、Veillonellaceae sp. HOT 155（p < 0.01）和双歧杆菌属簇 1（p = 0.11），通过 qPCR 与 WSL 相关的分类群包括 Streptococcus mutans（p = 0.008）和 Scardovia wiggsiae（p = 0.04）。通过微阵列与牙龈炎相关的分类群包括：Gemella sanguinis（p = 0.002）、Actinomyces sp. HOT 448（p = 0.003）、Prevotella 簇 IV（p = 0.021）和 Streptococcus sp. HOT 071/070（p = 0.023）；通过 qPCR 与 S. mutans（p = 0.02）和双歧杆菌科（p = 0.012）相关。在调整了牙龈炎水平后，物种与 WSL 的关联变化不大。偏最小二乘判别分析对患有和不患有 WSL 的儿童有很好的区分能力。除了 S. mutans 和 S. wiggsiae 之外，Granulicatella、Veillonellaceae 和双歧杆菌科与接受正畸治疗的青少年中 WSL 的存在相关。许多分类群与牙龈炎的相关性强于与 WSL 的相关性。
