Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Aug;73(2):457-61. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31825880f3.
Motor vehicle crashes constitute the greatest risk of injury for young adults. Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been used to reduce the number of injuries and deaths in the young driver population. The New York State GDL law increased supervision of young driver and limited both time-of-day driven and number of passengers. This review examines the impact of a GDL enacted in New York in September 2003.
A retrospective review of New York State administrative databases from 2001 to 2009 was performed. During this period, a state-wide GDL requirement was implemented. Database review included all reported crashes to the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles by cause and driver age as well as motor fuel tax receipts by the New York State Comptroller's Office. Motor fuel tax receipts and consumption information were used as a proxy for overall miles driven.
Before 2003, drivers younger than 18 years were involved in 90 fatal crashes and 10,406 personal-injury (PI) crashes, constituting 4.49% and 3.38% of all fatal and PI crashes in New York State, respectively. By 2009, the number of fatal and PI crashes involving drivers who are younger than 18 years decreased to 44 (2.87%) and 5,246 (2.24%), respectively. Of note, the number of crashes experienced by the age group 18 years to 20 years during this period also declined, from 192 (9.59% of all fatal crashes) and 25,407 (8.24% of all PI crashes) to 135 (8.81%) and 18,114 (7.73%), respectively. Overall numbers of crashes reported remained relatively stable, between 549,000 in 2001 and 520,000 in 2009. Motor fuel use during this period also declined, but to a lesser degree ($552 million to $516 million or 6.6%).
The use of a GDL law in New York State has shown a large decrease in the number of fatalities and PI crashes involving young drivers. The delay in full driver privileges from the GDL did not result in an increase in fatal or PI crashes in the next older age group.
机动车事故是年轻人受伤的最大风险因素。驾驶员分级许可（GDL）法律的实施，降低了年轻驾驶员群体的受伤和死亡人数。纽约州 GDL 法律增加了对年轻驾驶员的监督，限制了每天的驾驶时间和乘客数量。本研究旨在评估 2003 年 9 月在纽约州实施的 GDL 法律的影响。
对 2001 年至 2009 年纽约州行政数据库进行回顾性分析。在此期间，全州范围内实施了 GDL 要求。数据库审查包括纽约州机动车辆部报告的所有因事故原因和驾驶员年龄造成的碰撞，以及纽约州主计长办公室的机动车燃油税收据。机动车燃油税收据和消费信息被用作总行驶里程的替代指标。
在 2003 年之前，年龄在 18 岁以下的驾驶员涉及 90 起致命碰撞和 10406 起人身伤害（PI）碰撞，分别占纽约州所有致命和 PI 碰撞的 4.49%和 3.38%。到 2009 年，年龄在 18 岁以下的驾驶员涉及的致命和 PI 碰撞数量分别减少至 44 起（所有致命碰撞的 2.87%）和 5246 起（所有 PI 碰撞的 2.24%）。值得注意的是，在此期间，年龄在 18 岁至 20 岁的驾驶员群体经历的碰撞数量也从 192 起（所有致命碰撞的 9.59%）和 25407 起（所有 PI 碰撞的 8.24%）减少至 135 起（所有致命碰撞的 8.81%）和 18114 起（所有 PI 碰撞的 7.73%）。报告的碰撞总数相对稳定，从 2001 年的 54.9 万起减少到 2009 年的 52 万起。在此期间，机动车燃油使用量也有所下降，但降幅较小（从 5.52 亿美元降至 5.16 亿美元，降幅为 6.6%）。
纽约州 GDL 法律的实施显著降低了年轻驾驶员的致命和 PI 碰撞数量。从 GDL 获得完全驾驶资格的延迟并没有导致下一个较年长年龄组的致命或 PI 碰撞增加。
