Enfield Katey S S, Pikor Larissa A, Martinez Victor D, Lam Wan L
British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3.
Genet Res Int. 2012;2012:737416. doi: 10.1155/2012/737416. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
Lung cancer biology has traditionally focused on genomic and epigenomic deregulation of protein-coding genes to identify oncogenes and tumor suppressors diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Another important layer of cancer biology has emerged in the form of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are major regulators of key cellular processes such as proliferation, RNA splicing, gene regulation, and apoptosis. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have moved to the forefront of ncRNA cancer research, while the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is emerging. Here we review the mechanisms by which miRNAs and lncRNAs are deregulated in lung cancer, the technologies that can be applied to detect such alterations, and the clinical potential of these RNA species. An improved comprehension of lung cancer biology will come through the understanding of the interplay between deregulation of non-coding RNAs, the protein-coding genes they regulate, and how these interactions influence cellular networks and signalling pathways.
肺癌生物学传统上专注于蛋白质编码基因的基因组和表观基因组失调，以识别癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子作为诊断和治疗靶点。癌症生物学的另一个重要层面以非编码RNA（ncRNA）的形式出现，它们是细胞增殖、RNA剪接、基因调控和细胞凋亡等关键细胞过程的主要调节因子。在过去十年中，微小RNA（miRNA）已成为ncRNA癌症研究的前沿领域，而长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的作用也正在显现。在此，我们综述了miRNA和lncRNA在肺癌中失调的机制、可用于检测此类改变的技术，以及这些RNA种类的临床潜力。通过理解非编码RNA失调、它们所调控的蛋白质编码基因之间的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何影响细胞网络和信号通路，将增进对肺癌生物学的理解。
