Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
J Food Prot. 2012 Aug;75(8):1532-5. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.11-572.
Human noroviruses are the most common etiologic agent of foodborne illness in the United States. The inability to culture human noroviruses in the laboratory necessitates the use of surrogate viruses such as murine norovirus (MNV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) for inactivation studies. In this study, a novel sanitizer of organic acid (levulinic acid) plus the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was evaluated. Viruses were treated with levulinic acid (0.5 to 5%), SDS (0.05 to 2%), or combinations of levulinic acid plus SDS (1:10 solution of virus to sanitizer). MNV-1 inoculated onto stainless steel also was treated with a 5% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS liquid or foaming solution. Log reductions of viruses were determined with a plaque assay. Neither levulinic acid nor SDS alone were capable of inactivating MNV-1 or FCV, resulting in a ≤0.51-log reduction of the infectious virus titer. However, the combination of 0.5% levulinic acid plus 0.5% SDS inactivated both surrogates by 3 to 4.21 log PFU/ml after 1 min of exposure. Similarly, MNV-1 inoculated onto stainless steel was reduced by >1.50 log PFU/ml after 1 min and by >3.3 log PFU/ml after 5 min of exposure to a liquid or foaming solution of 5% levulinic acid plus 2% SDS. The presence of organic matter (up to 10%) in the virus inoculum did not significantly affect sanitizer efficacy. The fact that both of the active sanitizer ingredients are generally recognized as safe to use as food additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration further extends its potential in mitigating foodborne disease.
人类诺如病毒是美国食源性疾病最常见的病原体。由于无法在实验室中培养人类诺如病毒，因此需要使用替代病毒，如鼠诺如病毒（MNV-1）和猫杯状病毒（FCV）进行失活动力学研究。在这项研究中，评估了一种新型有机酸（戊二酸）和阴离子洗涤剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）消毒剂。将病毒用戊二酸（0.5 至 5%）、SDS（0.05 至 2%）或戊二酸加 SDS（消毒剂与病毒的 1:10 溶液）进行处理。接种到不锈钢上的 MNV-1 也用 5%戊二酸加 2%SDS 液体或泡沫溶液进行处理。通过噬斑测定确定病毒的对数减少。单独的戊二酸或 SDS 均不能使 MNV-1 或 FCV 失活，导致感染病毒滴度的减少≤0.51 对数。然而，0.5%戊二酸加 0.5%SDS 的组合在 1 分钟的暴露后，使两种替代物的灭活率达到 3 至 4.21 个对数 PFU/ml。同样，接种到不锈钢上的 MNV-1 在 1 分钟内减少了>1.50 个对数 PFU/ml，在 5 分钟内减少了>3.3 个对数 PFU/ml，接触到 5%戊二酸加 2%SDS 的液体或泡沫溶液。病毒接种物中存在 10%的有机物也不会显著影响消毒剂的效果。事实上，两种有效消毒剂成分均被美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）普遍认为是安全的食品添加剂，这进一步扩大了其在减轻食源性疾病方面的应用潜力。
