Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Nov;15(11):2047-53. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012003217. Epub 2012 Aug 3.
Low serum vitamin D, which largely affects ethnic minorities, is associated with obesity and other chronic diseases. Little is known about racial/ethnic differences in intake, particularly in children, or if any differences are associated with differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The objective of the present study was to determine whether racial/ethnic differences in dietary vitamin D intake exist and whether they explain differences in 25(OH)D.
Vitamin D intakes (Block Kids 2004 FFQ) and 25(OH)D were measured. Race/ethnicity was parent-reported (white (37·9 %), Hispanic (32·4 %), black (8·3 %), Asian (10·3 %), multi-racial/other (11·0 %)). Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the associations among dietary vitamin D and race/ethnicity, as well as 25(OH)D, independent of BMI Z-score and other covariates.
Elementary/middle schools in Somerville, MA, USA, during January-April 2010.
Schoolchildren (n 145) in 4th-8th grade.
Only 2·1 % met the 2011 RDA (15 μg/d (600 IU/d)). Average dietary intake was 3.5 (sd 2.2) μg/d (140 (sd 89·0) IU/d). No racial/ethnic differences in intake were evident. Most (83·4 %) were 25(OH)D deficient (<20 ng/ml; 16·0 (sd 6·5) ng/ml). In ANOVA post hoc analyses, 25(OH)D levels were lower in Hispanics than whites (14·6 (sd 6·1) ng/ml v. 17·9 (sd 4·6) ng/ml; P < 0·01). Dietary vitamin D was associated with 25(OH)D overall (P < 0·05), but did not explain the racial/ethnic differences in 25(OH)D.
Most children in this north-east US sample did not meet dietary recommendations for vitamin D and were vitamin D deficient. Dietary vitamin D did not explain the difference in 25(OH)D between Hispanic and white children. Further research is needed to determine if changes in dietary vitamin D by race/ethnicity can impact 25(OH)D levels.
血清维生素 D 水平较低（主要影响少数民族人群）与肥胖和其他慢性疾病有关。关于摄入量的种族/民族差异（尤其是在儿童中），或任何差异是否与血清 25-羟维生素 D（25(OH)D）的差异有关，人们知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定饮食中维生素 D 摄入是否存在种族/民族差异，以及这些差异是否可以解释 25(OH)D 的差异。
通过 Block Kids 2004 FFQ 测量维生素 D 摄入量和 25(OH)D 水平。种族/民族由父母报告（白人（37.9%）、西班牙裔（32.4%）、黑人（8.3%）、亚洲人（10.3%）、多种族/其他（11.0%））。进行多变量分析，以检查饮食维生素 D 与种族/民族以及 25(OH)D 之间的关联，这些关联独立于 BMI Z 评分和其他协变量。
美国马萨诸塞州萨默维尔的小学/初中，2010 年 1 月至 4 月。
4 至 8 年级的在校儿童（n=145）。
仅 2.1%的人符合 2011 年 RDA（15μg/d（600IU/d））。平均膳食摄入量为 3.5（sd 2.2）μg/d（140（sd 89.0）IU/d）。摄入量没有明显的种族/民族差异。大多数（83.4%）为 25(OH)D 缺乏（<20ng/ml；16.0（sd 6.5）ng/ml）。在方差分析事后分析中，与白人相比，西班牙裔的 25(OH)D 水平较低（14.6（sd 6.1）ng/ml 比 17.9（sd 4.6）ng/ml；P<0.01）。饮食维生素 D 与 25(OH)D 总体相关（P<0.05），但不能解释 25(OH)D 中西班牙裔和白人之间的种族/民族差异。
本研究中，美国东北部样本中的大多数儿童没有达到维生素 D 的膳食推荐量，并且维生素 D 缺乏。饮食维生素 D 并不能解释西班牙裔和白人儿童 25(OH)D 水平的差异。需要进一步研究以确定种族/民族的饮食维生素 D 变化是否会影响 25(OH)D 水平。
