Holder I A, Neely A N
Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, OH.
J Burn Care Rehabil. 1990 Nov-Dec;11(6):496-503. doi: 10.1097/00004630-199011000-00003.
Burn injury and intradermal injection of bradykinin or histamine cause permeability changes visualized as dye-release lesions in the skin of guinea pigs injected intravenously with Evans blue dye. Antihistamine pretreatment ablates the histamine but not the effect of thermal injury or bradykinin. Bradykinin is generated via activation of Hageman factor in a two-step reaction. Steps 1 and 2 can be inhibited by corn trypsin inhibitor and soy bean trypsin inhibitors, respectively. Dye-release lesions were reduced from thermal injury and bradykinin injections when these substances were injected into the skin first. Angiotensin-converting enzyme deactivates bradykinin by degrading it. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor neutralizes angiotensin-converting enzyme. Dye-release lesions from both thermal injury and bradykinin injection were enhanced because of continued bradykinin build-up when these treatments were preceded by subcutaneous injections of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Thus bradykinin is generated in thermal injury via the Hageman factor-dependent pathway. Hageman factor sits at the apex of a series of interrelated cascade systems, all of which impinge on the animal's immune status. Uncontrolled Hagemen factor activation in thermal injury may be the link among all the events collectively known as the "post thermal injury immunosuppression syndrome."
烧伤以及皮内注射缓激肽或组胺会引起通透性变化，在静脉注射伊文思蓝染料的豚鼠皮肤上表现为染料释放损伤。抗组胺药预处理可消除组胺的作用，但不能消除热损伤或缓激肽的作用。缓激肽通过两步反应激活哈格曼因子而产生。步骤1和步骤2分别可被玉米胰蛋白酶抑制剂和大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂抑制。当首先将这些物质注射到皮肤中时，热损伤和缓激肽注射引起的染料释放损伤会减少。血管紧张素转换酶通过降解缓激肽使其失活。血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂可中和血管紧张素转换酶。当在皮下注射血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂之前进行这些处理时，由于缓激肽持续积累，热损伤和缓激肽注射引起的染料释放损伤均会增强。因此，缓激肽在热损伤中通过依赖哈格曼因子的途径产生。哈格曼因子处于一系列相互关联的级联系统的顶端，所有这些级联系统都会影响动物的免疫状态。热损伤中哈格曼因子的不受控制的激活可能是所有统称为“热损伤后免疫抑制综合征”的事件之间的联系。
