Arcas M Marta, Novoa Ana M, Artazcoz Lucía
1 Unitat Docent de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública Parc de Salut Mar-UPF-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2013 Oct;23(5):883-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks095. Epub 2012 Aug 8.
The aim of this study is to analyse gender inequalities in the relationship between family demands and health in working and cohabiting population.
A total of 9108 men and women aged 25 to 64 years who were employed and cohabiting were selected from the 2006 National Health Survey of Spain. Outcome variables were self-perceived health status, mental health, daily sleeping hours and leisure time sedentarism. Explanatory variables were household size, living with children <15 years, living with adults between 65 and 74 years, living with adults >74 years and having a hired person for housework. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, stratified by gender and social class and adjusted for age.
Household size was related to poor self-perceived health status, poor mental health and leisure time sedentarism in both men and women manual workers. Moreover, it was also related to sleeping 6 h or less a day amog manual worker women. Having a hired person for housework was protective for self-perceived health status in both men and women.
Family demands are mainly related to manual workers' health, among both men and women. Whereas the association between family demands and poor health status among women could be explained by their greater housework and caregiver demands compared with men, among men, given their role as the main breadwinner in the home, it could be due to financial problems. The relationship between family demands and health should be studied in a combined framework of gender and social class.
本研究旨在分析在职和同居人群中家庭需求与健康之间的性别不平等关系。
从2006年西班牙全国健康调查中选取了9108名年龄在25至64岁之间的在职且同居的男性和女性。结果变量包括自我感知的健康状况、心理健康、每日睡眠时间和休闲时间久坐行为。解释变量包括家庭规模、与15岁以下儿童同住、与65至74岁成年人同住、与74岁以上成年人同住以及雇佣家政人员。拟合了多变量逻辑回归模型，按性别和社会阶层分层，并对年龄进行了调整。
家庭规模与男性和女性体力劳动者自我感知的健康状况差、心理健康差以及休闲时间久坐行为有关。此外，在体力劳动者女性中，家庭规模还与每天睡眠6小时或更少有关。雇佣家政人员对男性和女性的自我感知健康状况都有保护作用。
家庭需求主要与男性和女性体力劳动者的健康有关。女性中家庭需求与健康状况不佳之间的关联可能是由于她们比男性承担了更多的家务和照料需求，而在男性中，鉴于他们作为家庭主要经济支柱的角色，可能是由于经济问题。应在性别和社会阶层的综合框架下研究家庭需求与健康之间的关系。
