Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
Pharm Biol. 2012 Nov;50(11):1391-6. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2012.676050. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
The genus Primula (Primulaceae) has been used in traditional medicine to treat convulsion and microbial or viral infections.
In the present study, we evaluate antioxidant, antihemolytic, and protective effects of flavonoid-rich fractions of endemic Primula heterochroma Stapf. (Primulaceae) against Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat brain in vitro.
Aerial parts of plant were defatted and extracted with 60% acetone. Then, 60% acetone extract was fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Antioxidant activity of fractions was evaluated by employing six different assays, i.e., 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, metal chelating and reducing power activities and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat brain. Also, its antihemolytic activity was determined using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis in rat erythrocyts.
Among the flavonoid-rich fractions of Primula heterochroma, aqueous fraction demonstrated the most protective effect through decreasing brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels at a dose 200 μg mL(-1) (40%, p < 0.001 versus iron group). Also, the aqueous fraction showed better activity in Fe(2+) chelating (89 ± 3.8 μg mL(-1)) and DPPH radical scavenging (394.4 ± 18.4 μg mL(-1)) models than other fractions. The probable protective mechanism of flavonoid-rich fractions may be attributed to their Fe(2+) chelating, DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power activities. Also, the n-hexane fraction demonstrated a higher protective effect in the hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis (67 ± 2.6 μg mL(-1)).
Results of this study demonstrate Primula heterochroma is a rich source of natural antioxidant compounds.
报春花属（报春花科）植物被广泛应用于传统医学，用于治疗惊厥和微生物或病毒感染。
本研究评估了藏报春花（Primulaceae）富含类黄酮的部分对 Fe(2+)-诱导的体外大鼠脑脂质过氧化和氧化应激的抗氧化、抗溶血和保护作用。
植物地上部分脱脂，用 60%丙酮提取。然后，用正己烷、乙酸乙酯和水依次对 60%丙酮提取物进行分级。采用 6 种不同的测定方法评估各部分的抗氧化活性，即 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和过氧化氢清除、金属螯合和还原能力活性以及血红蛋白诱导的亚油酸体系和 Fe(2+)-诱导的脂质过氧化和氧化应激。此外，还测定了其在大鼠红细胞 2,2'-偶氮双（2-脒基丙烷）二盐酸盐诱导溶血中的抗溶血活性。
在藏报春花富含类黄酮的部分中，水相部分在 200μg·mL(-1)剂量下（40%，p<0.001 与铁组相比）通过降低脑硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）水平表现出最强的保护作用。此外，水相部分在 Fe(2+)螯合（89±3.8μg·mL(-1))和 DPPH 自由基清除（394.4±18.4μg·mL(-1))模型中的活性优于其他部分。富含类黄酮的部分的可能保护机制可能归因于其 Fe(2+)螯合、DPPH 自由基清除和还原能力活性。此外，正己烷部分在血红蛋白诱导的亚油酸体系和 2,2'-偶氮双（2-脒基丙烷）二盐酸盐诱导的溶血中表现出更高的保护作用（67±2.6μg·mL(-1))。
本研究结果表明，藏报春花是天然抗氧化化合物的丰富来源。
