Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Centre for Fetal Programming, DK-Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Apr 28;109(8):1471-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512003443. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load (GL) have been related to obesity and other health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between maternal dietary GL and gestational weight gain, birth weight, the risk of giving birth to a child large-for-gestational age (LGA) or small-for-gestational age and postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Data were derived from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002), including data on gestational and lifestyle factors in pregnancy and 18 months postpartum. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Information on birth outcome was obtained through registers. A total of 47,003 women were included. The associations between the GL and birth outcome, gestational weight gain, assessed between weeks 12 and 30 of gestation, and PPWR were analysed by linear and logistic regression. Birth weight increased by 36 g from the lowest to highest GL quintile (95% CI 19, 53 g), and an increased risk of LGA of 14% was detected in the highest GL quintile compared with the lowest GL quintile. Among normal-weight and overweight women, higher gestational weight gain rates were detected in the highest GL quintile (26 g/week (95% CI 19, 34) and 30 g/week (95% CI 13, 46), respectively). The association between the GL and PPWR was most pronounced among pre-pregnant obese women, with an increase in weight retention of 1·3 (95% CI 0·2, 2·8) kg from the lowest to highest GL quintile. The GL may play a role for excessive gestational weight gain and PPWR, which may be more pronounced among overweight and obese women.
饮食血糖生成指数和血糖负荷（GL）与肥胖和其他健康结果有关。本研究的目的是检验母体饮食 GL 与妊娠期体重增加、出生体重、巨大儿（LGA）或小于胎龄儿（SGA）出生风险以及产后体重滞留（PPWR）之间的关联。数据来自丹麦全国出生队列（1996-2002 年），包括妊娠期间和产后 18 个月的妊娠和生活方式因素的数据。饮食数据通过验证的 FFQ 收集。通过登记册获得有关出生结局的信息。共纳入 47003 名女性。通过线性和逻辑回归分析 GL 与出生结局、妊娠 12 至 30 周期间评估的妊娠体重增加和 PPWR 之间的关系。与最低 GL 五分位相比，最高 GL 五分位的出生体重增加了 36g（95%CI 19，53g），并且检测到最高 GL 五分位的 LGA 风险增加了 14%。在正常体重和超重女性中，最高 GL 五分位的妊娠体重增加率更高（分别为 26g/周（95%CI 19，34）和 30g/周（95%CI 13，46））。在孕前肥胖女性中，GL 与 PPWR 之间的关联最为明显，从最低到最高 GL 五分位体重滞留增加 1.3kg（95%CI 0.2，2.8）。GL 可能在妊娠体重过度增加和 PPWR 中起作用，超重和肥胖女性中这种作用可能更为明显。
