Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 20;14(12):2551. doi: 10.3390/nu14122551.
The reported associations of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestational weight gain are inconsistent, especially among the less studied Asian Chinese populations. In a prospective pre-birth cohort study conducted in northern China, we determined the associations between maternal dietary patterns and the probability of excess gestational weight gain (EGWG) among 1026 pregnant women. We used 3-day food diaries to assess maternal diet and performed principal component analysis to identify dietary patterns. Maternal adherence to a traditional pattern, which was characterized by a higher intake of tubers, vegetables, fruits, red meat, and rice, was associated with a higher probability of EGWG (quartile 3 vs. quartile 1, odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10−2.38). This risk association was more pronounced among women who were overweight/obese before pregnancy (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, OR = 5.17, 95% CI = 1.45−18.46; p for interaction < 0.01). Maternal adherence to a high protein pattern, which was characterized by a higher intake of fried foods, beans and bean products, dairy products, and fruits, was associated with a lower risk of EGWG (quartile 3 vs. quartile 1, OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.39−0.81). The protective association was more pronounced among non-overweight/obese women (p for interaction < 0.01). These findings may help to develop interventions and better define target populations for EGWG prevention.
孕期母体饮食模式与妊娠体重增加的相关性报道结果并不一致，尤其是在亚洲华人这一研究较少的人群中。在中国北方进行的一项前瞻性产前队列研究中，我们确定了 1026 名孕妇的母体饮食模式与妊娠体重过度增加（EGWG）的概率之间的关联。我们使用 3 天的食物日记来评估母体饮食，并进行主成分分析来确定饮食模式。母体对传统模式的依从性，其特征是摄入更多的块茎类蔬菜、蔬菜、水果、红色肉类和大米，与 EGWG 的概率更高相关（四分位 3 与四分位 1 相比，优势比 [OR] = 1.62，95%置信区间 [CI] = 1.10−2.38）。这种风险关联在孕前超重/肥胖的女性中更为明显（四分位 4 与四分位 1 相比，OR = 5.17，95% CI = 1.45−18.46；p 交互作用 < 0.01）。母体对高蛋白模式的依从性，其特征是摄入更多的油炸食品、豆类及其制品、乳制品和水果，与 EGWG 的风险降低相关（四分位 3 与四分位 1 相比，OR = 0.56，95% CI，0.39−0.81）。这种保护关联在非超重/肥胖的女性中更为明显（p 交互作用 < 0.01）。这些发现可能有助于制定干预措施，并更好地确定 EGWG 预防的目标人群。
