College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Psychophysiology. 2012 Oct;49(10):1417-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01449.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
Challenge and threat states predict future performance; however, no research has examined their immediate effect on motor task performance. The present study examined the effect of challenge and threat states on golf putting performance and several possible mechanisms. One hundred twenty-seven participants were assigned to a challenge or threat group and performed six putts during which emotions, gaze, putting kinematics, muscle activity, and performance were recorded. Challenge and threat states were successively manipulated via task instructions. The challenge group performed more accurately, reported more favorable emotions, and displayed more effective gaze, putting kinematics, and muscle activity than the threat group. Multiple putting kinematic variables mediated the relationship between group and performance, suggesting that challenge and threat states impact performance at a predominately kinematic level.
挑战和威胁状态可以预测未来的表现；然而，目前还没有研究检验它们对运动任务表现的即时影响。本研究考察了挑战和威胁状态对高尔夫推杆表现和几个可能机制的影响。127 名参与者被分配到挑战或威胁组，并进行了六次推杆，在此期间记录了情绪、注视、推杆运动学、肌肉活动和表现。通过任务指令依次操纵挑战和威胁状态。与威胁组相比，挑战组表现更准确，报告的情绪更有利，并且表现出更有效的注视、推杆运动学和肌肉活动。多个推杆运动学变量中介了组间关系和表现之间的关系，这表明挑战和威胁状态主要通过运动学水平影响表现。
