Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Mar 5;2:23. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00023. eCollection 2012.
Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacterium that has no identified natural niche outside of the human host. It primarily colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa in an asymptomatic mode, but has the ability to disseminate to other anatomical sites to cause otitis media, upper, and lower respiratory tract infections, septicemia, and meningitis. To persist in diverse environments the bacterium must exploit and utilize the nutrients and other resources available in these sites for optimal growth/survival. Recent evidence suggests that regulatory factors that direct such adaptations also control virulence determinants required to resist and evade immune clearance mechanisms. In this review, we describe the recent application of whole-genome approaches that together provide insight into distinct survival mechanisms of H. influenzae in the context of different sites of pathogenesis.
流感嗜血杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性菌，除了人类宿主外，它在自然界中没有明确的自然栖息地。它主要以无症状的方式定植于鼻咽黏膜，但具有向其他解剖部位传播的能力，引起中耳炎、上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染、败血症和脑膜炎。为了在不同的环境中生存，细菌必须利用这些部位可利用的营养物质和其他资源来进行最佳的生长/存活。最近的证据表明，指导这些适应的调节因子也控制着毒力决定因素，这些因素对于抵抗和逃避免疫清除机制是必需的。在这篇综述中，我们描述了全基因组方法的最新应用，这些方法共同深入了解了流感嗜血杆菌在不同发病部位的不同生存机制。
