School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE, USA.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Mar 16;2:33. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00033. eCollection 2012.
Staphylococci are a versatile genus of bacteria that are capable of causing acute and chronic infections in diverse host species. The success of staphylococci as pathogens is due in part to their ability to mitigate endogenous and exogenous oxidative and nitrosative stress. Endogenous oxidative stress is a consequence of life in an aerobic environment; whereas, exogenous oxidative and nitrosative stress are often due to the bacteria's interaction with host immune systems. To overcome the deleterious effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress, staphylococci have evolved protection, detoxification, and repair mechanisms that are controlled by a network of regulators. In this review, we summarize the cellular targets of oxidative stress, the mechanisms by which staphylococci sense oxidative stress and damage, oxidative stress protection and repair mechanisms, and regulation of the oxidative stress response. When possible, special attention is given to how the oxidative stress defense mechanisms help staphylococci control oxidative stress in the host.
葡萄球菌是一种多功能的细菌属，能够在不同的宿主物种中引起急性和慢性感染。葡萄球菌作为病原体的成功部分归因于它们减轻内源性和外源性氧化和硝化应激的能力。内源性氧化应激是在有氧环境中生存的结果；而外源性氧化和硝化应激通常是由于细菌与宿主免疫系统的相互作用。为了克服氧化和硝化应激的有害影响，葡萄球菌已经进化出了保护、解毒和修复机制，这些机制受一个调控网络的控制。在这篇综述中，我们总结了氧化应激的细胞靶标、葡萄球菌感知氧化应激和损伤的机制、氧化应激保护和修复机制以及氧化应激反应的调控。在可能的情况下，特别关注氧化应激防御机制如何帮助葡萄球菌控制宿主中的氧化应激。
