Joo Hwang-Soo, Otto Michael
Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Nov;1848(11 Pt B):3055-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.009. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
Staphylococci are commensal bacteria living on the epithelial surfaces of humans and other mammals. Many staphylococci, including the dangerous pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, can cause severe disease when they breach the epithelial barrier. Both during their commensal life and during infection, staphylococci need to evade mechanisms of innate host defense, of which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a key role in particular on the skin. Mechanisms that staphylococci have developed to evade the bactericidal activity of AMPs are manifold, comprising repulsion of AMPs via alteration of cell wall and membrane surface charges, proteolytic inactivation, sequestration, and secretion. Furthermore, many staphylococci form biofilms, which represents an additional way of protection from antimicrobial agents, including AMPs. Finally, staphylococci can sense the presence of AMPs by sensor/regulator systems that control many of those resistance mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides.
葡萄球菌是生活在人类和其他哺乳动物上皮表面的共生细菌。许多葡萄球菌，包括危险的病原体金黄色葡萄球菌，当它们突破上皮屏障时会引发严重疾病。在其共生期和感染期间，葡萄球菌都需要逃避宿主固有防御机制，其中抗菌肽（AMPs）在皮肤防御中尤其发挥关键作用。葡萄球菌为逃避抗菌肽的杀菌活性而发展出的机制多种多样，包括通过改变细胞壁和膜表面电荷来排斥抗菌肽、蛋白水解失活、螯合以及分泌。此外，许多葡萄球菌会形成生物膜，这是一种抵御包括抗菌肽在内的抗菌剂的额外保护方式。最后，葡萄球菌可通过控制许多此类抗性机制的传感器/调节系统感知抗菌肽的存在。本文是名为《细菌对抗菌肽的抗性》特刊的一部分。
