Crocker Laura D, Heller Wendy, Spielberg Jeffrey M, Warren Stacie L, Bredemeier Keith, Sutton Bradley P, Banich Marie T, Miller Gregory A
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA.
Front Psychol. 2012 Aug 21;3:298. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00298. eCollection 2012.
The present research examined the hypothesis that cognitive processes are modulated differentially by trait and state negative affect (NA). Brain activation associated with trait and state NA was measured by fMRI during an attentional control task, the emotion-word Stroop. Performance on the task was disrupted only by state NA. Trait NA was associated with reduced activity in several regions, including a prefrontal area that has been shown to be involved in top-down, goal-directed attentional control. In contrast, state NA was associated with increased activity in several regions, including a prefrontal region that has been shown to be involved in stimulus-driven aspects of attentional control. Results suggest that NA has a significant impact on cognition, and that state and trait NA disrupt attentional control in distinct ways.
认知过程受到特质性和状态性消极情绪（NA）的不同调节。在一项注意力控制任务（情绪词Stroop任务）中，通过功能磁共振成像（fMRI）测量了与特质性和状态性NA相关的大脑激活情况。该任务的表现仅受到状态性NA的干扰。特质性NA与几个区域的活动减少有关，包括一个已被证明参与自上而下的、目标导向性注意力控制的前额叶区域。相比之下，状态性NA与几个区域的活动增加有关，包括一个已被证明参与注意力控制的刺激驱动方面的前额叶区域。结果表明，NA对认知有显著影响，并且状态性和特质性NA以不同方式干扰注意力控制。
