Penka S, Schouler-Ocak M, Heinz A, Kluge U
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2012 Sep;55(9):1168-75. doi: 10.1007/s00103-012-1538-8.
Mental health care for migrants is often impaired by a lack of policies and provisions in the respective institutions. This article focuses on "communication barriers" in psychosocial and psychotherapeutic settings, where personal communication is of great importance. Barriers that prevent migrants from using health care institutions include translation problems but also more complex misunderstandings based on divergent explanations regarding the causes, course, and adequate treatment of different disorders. The widely recommended intercultural opening of medical and psychosocial institutions involves using interpreters as cultural experts, reflecting on and mediating between divergent explanatory models, and avoiding cultural and ethnic stereotyping as well as encouraging an open, curious, and reflective professional attitude. With respect to institutional settings, rules for the financing of interpreters are as important as tackling barriers that limit migrants' access to medical and psychosocial institutions.
移民的心理健康护理常常因各机构缺乏相关政策和保障措施而受到影响。本文聚焦于心理社会和心理治疗环境中的“沟通障碍”，在这些环境中人际沟通至关重要。阻碍移民利用医疗机构的障碍包括翻译问题，以及基于对不同疾病的病因、病程和适当治疗的不同解释而产生的更为复杂的误解。广泛推荐的医疗和心理社会机构的跨文化开放包括将口译员作为文化专家来使用，思考并调解不同的解释模式，避免文化和种族刻板印象，以及鼓励开放、好奇和反思性的专业态度。就机构环境而言，口译员的资金筹集规则与克服限制移民进入医疗和心理社会机构的障碍同样重要。
