Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Nov;21(11):645-53. doi: 10.1007/s00787-012-0301-x. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
This study aims to provide evidence concerning the effects of experiencing multiple forms of victimization (poly-victimization) on self-esteem and post-traumatic stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents. A total of 722 adolescents were recruited from seven secondary schools in Catalonia, Spain. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Youth Self Report and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire were employed to assess self-esteem, post-traumatic stress symptoms and victimization, respectively. Participants were divided into three groups (non-victim, victim and poly-victim groups) according to the total number of different kinds of victimization experienced. Results showed that 88.4 % of adolescents had been exposed to at least one kind of victimization. Poly-victimization was associated with a higher number of post-traumatic stress symptoms in both boys and girls. Also, self-liking was significantly lower in the poly-victim group, whereas self-competence was equivalent across the three victimization groups. Girls were approximately twice as likely to report child maltreatment (OR = 1.92) and sexual victimization (OR = 2.41) as boys. In conclusion, the present study adds evidence on the importance of taking account of the full burden of victimizations suffered when studying victimization correlates. Also, it highlights the importance of prevention policies to focus particularly on preserving adolescents' sense of social worth.
本研究旨在为西班牙青少年经历多种形式的受害（多受害）对自尊和创伤后应激症状的影响提供证据。共有 722 名青少年来自西班牙加泰罗尼亚的七所中学。采用罗森伯格自尊量表、青少年自我报告和青少年受害问卷分别评估自尊、创伤后应激症状和受害情况。根据经历的不同类型受害的总数，参与者被分为三组（非受害组、受害组和多受害组）。结果表明，88.4%的青少年至少经历过一种受害。多受害与男孩和女孩的创伤后应激症状数量增加有关。此外，多受害组的自我喜爱程度显著降低，而自我能力在三个受害组之间是相当的。女孩报告儿童虐待（OR=1.92）和性受害（OR=2.41）的可能性是男孩的两倍左右。总之，本研究为研究受害相关性时考虑所遭受的全部受害负担的重要性提供了证据。此外，它还强调了预防政策的重要性，特别是要特别关注保护青少年的社会价值感。
