Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Transl Psychiatry. 2012 Sep 4;2(9):e157. doi: 10.1038/tp.2012.87.
Behavioral inhibition (BI) is an important early childhood marker of risk for later psychiatric problems. The current 20-year prospective, longitudinal study focused on individual differences in this early temperament and adolescent brain function. As adolescents, 83 participants initially identified in infancy with the temperament of BI were assessed using functional imaging to examine striatal responses to incentives. Five years later, as young adults, these participants provided self-report of their substance use. Our findings show that children's early temperament interacts with their striatal sensitivity to incentives in adolescence to predict their level of substance use in young adulthood. Those young adults who, as children, showed the highest levels of BI reported the greatest substance use if, as adolescents, they also exhibited striatal hypersensitivity to incentives. These longitudinal data delineate one developmental pathway involving early biology and brain mechanisms for substance use in young adulthood.
行为抑制（BI）是儿童后期精神问题风险的一个重要早期标志。本项为期 20 年的前瞻性纵向研究关注的是这种早期气质和青少年大脑功能的个体差异。作为青少年，83 名在婴儿期就表现出 BI 气质的参与者接受了功能成像评估，以检查纹状体对激励的反应。五年后，作为年轻人，这些参与者提供了他们的物质使用情况的自我报告。我们的研究结果表明，儿童早期的气质与青少年时期对激励的纹状体敏感性相互作用，从而预测他们在成年早期的物质使用水平。如果这些青少年时期纹状体对激励的敏感性过高，那么那些在儿童时期表现出最高水平 BI 的年轻人在成年早期的物质使用量就会越大。这些纵向数据描绘了一条涉及早期生物学和大脑机制的发展途径，可用于解释年轻人的物质使用情况。
