Department of Animal Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2012 Dec;24(6):561-9. doi: 10.3275/8587. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
Antioxidative/oxidative balance is one of the important factors for homeostasis. Antioxidative systems which protect from peroxidative damage are supposed to be under the influence of steroid hormones. The implications of this influence are age and gender as well as tissue dependent alterations in antioxidative enzyme activities. Apart from hormonal influence, antioxidative enzymes require the presence of microelements in their active centers as well as concerted action of non enzymatic antioxidants which support enzymes in their scavenging action. The aim of this review is to analyze and compare existing knowledge about the changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes in human and animal females and males of different age. Evidence as regards participation of oxidative stress in senescence are specific diseases which, to some extent, are gender dependent and appear more frequently in males or females. Several experiments in laboratory animals revealed that changes in enzyme activities are reflected in histopathological pictures of cells. The alterations observed during perimenopausal period provide with additional evidence of the participation of steroid hormones in the regulation of antioxidative system activity. Moreover, estrogens themselves exhibit antioxidative activity which is receptor independent. In conclusion, apart from genetic-related influences, also diet and style of life may have an impact on the antioxidative system which requires appropriate supplementation in microelements and vitamins for its effective function of scavenging excess of free radicals.
抗氧化/氧化平衡是体内平衡的重要因素之一。保护免受过氧化损伤的抗氧化系统应该受到类固醇激素的影响。这种影响的意义在于年龄和性别以及组织依赖的抗氧化酶活性的改变。除了激素的影响外，抗氧化酶还需要在其活性中心存在微量元素以及非酶抗氧化剂的协同作用，以支持酶的清除作用。本综述的目的是分析和比较不同年龄的男性和女性人体和动物抗氧化酶活性变化的现有知识。关于氧化应激参与衰老的证据是特定的疾病，在某种程度上是性别依赖性的，并且在男性或女性中更为常见。一些实验室动物实验表明，酶活性的变化反映在细胞的组织病理学图片中。在围绝经期观察到的改变为类固醇激素参与调节抗氧化系统活性提供了额外的证据。此外，雌激素本身具有非受体依赖的抗氧化活性。总之，除了遗传相关的影响外，饮食和生活方式也可能对抗氧化系统产生影响，这需要适当补充微量元素和维生素，以使其有效清除自由基。
