Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, bldg 10, room 4D49, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Stem Cells Int. 2012;2012:579104. doi: 10.1155/2012/579104. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
Human embryonic stem cells, which are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, have become an object of intense study over the last decade. They possess two unique properties that distinguish them from many other cell types: (i) the ability to self-renew indefinitely in culture under permissive conditions, and (ii) the pluripotency, defined as the capability of giving rise to all cell types of embryonic lineage under the guidance of the appropriate developmental cues. The focus of many recent efforts has been on the elucidating the signaling pathways and molecular networks operating in human embryonic stem cells. These cells hold great promise in cell-based regenerative therapies, disease modeling, drug screening and testing, assessing genotoxic and mutagenic risks associated with exposures to a variety of environmental factors, and so forth. Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in nature, and it is widely used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in medicine. In this paper, our goal is to summarize the recent progress in understanding how human embryonic stem cells respond to ionizing radiation exposures, using novel methodologies based on "omics" approaches, and to provide a critical discussion of what remains unknown; thus proposing a roadmap for the future research in this area.
在过去的十年中，人类胚胎干细胞（源自囊胚的内细胞团）已成为激烈研究的对象。它们具有两个独特的特性，使其与许多其他细胞类型区分开来：（i）在允许的条件下无限自我更新的能力，以及（ii）多能性，定义为在适当的发育线索指导下产生胚胎谱系所有细胞类型的能力。最近许多研究的重点都集中在阐明在人类胚胎干细胞中起作用的信号通路和分子网络。这些细胞在基于细胞的再生疗法、疾病建模、药物筛选和测试、评估与各种环境因素暴露相关的遗传毒性和致突变风险等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。电离辐射在自然界中无处不在，并且在医学中的诊断和治疗程序中广泛使用。在本文中，我们的目标是总结使用基于“组学”方法的新方法来理解人类胚胎干细胞如何对电离辐射暴露做出反应的最新进展，并对未知的内容进行批判性讨论；从而为该领域的未来研究提出路线图。
