Office of Education Research, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Med Educ. 2012 Oct;46(10):943-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04328.x.
As medical education research continues to proliferate, evidence syntheses will become increasingly important. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise and practical guide to the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews.
(i) Define a focused question addressing the population, intervention, comparison (if any) and outcomes. (ii) Evaluate whether a systematic review is appropriate to answer the question. Systematic and non-systematic approaches are complementary; the former summarise research on focused topics and highlight strengths and weaknesses in existing bodies of evidence, whereas the latter integrate research from diverse fields and identify new insights. (iii) Assemble a team and write a study protocol. (iv) Search for eligible studies using multiple databases (MEDLINE alone is insufficient) and other resources (article reference lists, author files, content experts). Expert assistance is helpful. (v) Decide on the inclusion or exclusion of each identified study, ideally in duplicate, using explicitly defined criteria. (vi) Abstract key information (including on study design, participants, intervention and comparison features, and outcomes) for each included article, ideally in duplicate. (vii) Analyse and synthesise the results by narrative or quantitative pooling, investigating heterogeneity, and exploring the validity and assumptions of the review itself. In addition to the seven key steps, the authors provide, information on electronic tools to facilitate the review process, practical tips to facilitate the reporting process and an annotated bibliography.
随着医学教育研究的不断增多，证据综合将变得越来越重要。本文旨在为系统评价的实施和报告提供简明实用的指南。
（i）定义一个聚焦问题，针对人群、干预措施、比较（如有）和结局。（ii）评估系统评价是否适合回答该问题。系统和非系统方法是互补的；前者总结了针对重点主题的研究，并突出了现有证据体的优缺点，而后者则整合了来自不同领域的研究，并确定了新的见解。（iii）组建团队并撰写研究方案。（iv）使用多个数据库（仅 MEDLINE 不够）和其他资源（文章参考文献列表、作者文件、内容专家）搜索合格的研究。专家协助很有帮助。（v）根据明确规定的标准，最好是重复进行，决定每个确定的研究的纳入或排除。（vi）为每个纳入的文章提取关键信息（包括研究设计、参与者、干预和比较特征以及结局），最好是重复进行。（vii）通过叙述或定量汇总分析和综合结果，调查异质性，并探讨审查本身的有效性和假设。除了这七个关键步骤，作者还提供了关于电子工具的信息，以促进审查过程，以及一些实用技巧以促进报告过程和注释参考书目。
