Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2012 Dec;67(4):407-14. doi: 10.1007/s11130-012-0313-1.
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique was applied and optimized for temperature, CO₂ pressure and ethanol (modifier) concentration using orthogonal array design and response surface methodology for the extract yield, total phenols and antioxidants from grape (Vitis labrusca B.) seeds. Effects of extraction temperature and pressure were found to be significant for all these response variables in SFE process. Optimum SFE conditions (44 ~ 46 °C temperature and 153 ~ 161 bar CO₂ pressure) along with ethanol (<7 %) as modifier, for the maximum predicted values of extract yield (12.09 %), total phenols (2.41 mg GAE/ml) and antioxidants (7.08 mg AAE/ml), were used to obtain extracts from grape seeds. The predicted values matched well with the experimental values (12.32 % extract yield, 2.45 mg GAE/ml total phenols and 7.08 mg AAE/ml antioxidants) obtained at optimum SFE conditions. The antiradical assay showed that SFE extracts of grape seeds can scavenge more than 85 % of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The grape seeds extracts were also analyzed for hydroxybenzoic acids which included gallic acid (1.21 ~ 3.84 μg/ml), protocatechuic acid (3.57 ~ 11.78 μg/ml) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (206.72 ~ 688.18 μg/ml).
超临界流体萃取 (SFE) 技术被应用并通过正交数组设计和响应面法进行了优化，以获得葡萄（Vitis labrusca B.）种子的萃取产率、总酚和抗氧化剂，优化的参数包括温度、CO₂ 压力和乙醇（改性剂）浓度。在 SFE 过程中，萃取温度和压力对所有这些响应变量的影响都很显著。最佳 SFE 条件（温度 4446°C，CO₂ 压力 153161 巴）以及乙醇（<7%）作为改性剂，可获得最大预测值的萃取产率（12.09%）、总酚（2.41mgGAE/ml）和抗氧化剂（7.08mgAAE/ml），从葡萄种子中提取。预测值与最佳 SFE 条件下获得的实验值（萃取产率 12.32%、总酚 2.45mgGAE/ml 和抗氧化剂 7.08mgAAE/ml）吻合较好。自由基清除试验表明，葡萄种子的 SFE 提取物可以清除超过 85%的 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基。葡萄种子提取物还分析了羟基苯甲酸，包括没食子酸（1.213.84μg/ml）、原儿茶酸（3.5711.78μg/ml）和对羟基苯甲酸（206.72~688.18μg/ml）。
