Lederman S J, Klatzky R L, Chataway C, Summers C D
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Percept Psychophys. 1990 Jan;47(1):54-64. doi: 10.3758/bf03208164.
A set of three experiments was performed to investigate the role of visual imaging in the haptic recognition of raised-line depictions of common objects. Blindfolded, sighted (Experiment 1) observers performed the task very poorly, while several findings converged to indicate that a visual translation process was adopted. These included (1) strong correlation between image-ability ratings (obtained in Experiment 1 and, independently, in Experiment 2) and both recognition speed and accuracy, (2) superior performance with, and greater ease of imaging, two-dimensional as opposed to three-dimensional depictions, despite equivalence in rated line complexity, and (3) a significant correlation between the general ability of the observer to image and obtained imageability ratings of the stimulus depictions. That congenitally blind observers performed the same task even more poorly, while their performance did not differ for two- versus three-dimensional depictions (Experiment 3), provides further evidence that visual translation was used by the sighted. Such limited performance is contrasted with the considerable skill with which real common objects are processed and recognized haptically. The reasons for the general difference in the haptic performance of two- versus three-dimensional tasks are considered. Implications for the presentation of spatial information in the form of tangible graphics displays for the blind are also discussed.
进行了一组三项实验，以研究视觉成像在对常见物体的凸起线条描绘进行触觉识别中的作用。蒙眼的有视力的观察者（实验1）执行任务的表现很差，而多项研究结果表明采用了视觉转换过程。这些结果包括：（1）图像可及性评分（在实验1中获得，并且在实验2中独立获得）与识别速度和准确性之间存在强相关性；（2）尽管在额定线条复杂度上相当，但二维描绘与三维描绘相比，在表现上更优且成像更容易；（3）观察者的一般成像能力与所获得的刺激描绘的图像可及性评分之间存在显著相关性。先天失明的观察者执行相同任务的表现更差，并且他们在二维与三维描绘上的表现没有差异（实验3），这进一步证明有视力的人使用了视觉转换。这种有限的表现与触觉处理和识别真实常见物体时所具备的相当技能形成对比。考虑了二维与三维任务在触觉表现上普遍存在差异的原因。还讨论了以有形图形显示的形式为盲人呈现空间信息的意义。
