Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Sports Health. 2012 Jul;4(4):302-11. doi: 10.1177/1941738112439685.
The female athlete triad (the triad) is an interrelationship of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density; it is relatively common among young women participating in sports. Diagnosis and treatment of this potentially serious condition is complicated and often requires an interdisciplinary team.
Articles from 1981 to present found on PubMed were selected for review of major components of the female athlete triad as well as strategies for diagnosis and treatment of the conditions.
The main goal in treatment of young female athletes with the triad is a natural return of menses as well as enhancement of bone mineral density. While no specific drug intervention has been shown to consistently improve bone mineral density in this patient population, maximizing energy availability and optimizing vitamin D and calcium intake are recommended.
Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving health care professionals as well as coaches and family members. Prevention of this condition is important to minimize complications of the female athlete triad.
女性运动员三联征（三联征）是一种月经功能障碍、能量供应不足（伴有或不伴有饮食失调）和骨密度降低的相互关系；它在参与运动的年轻女性中较为常见。这种潜在严重疾病的诊断和治疗很复杂，通常需要多学科团队。
从 1981 年至今，从 PubMed 上选择了文章，以回顾女性运动员三联征的主要组成部分以及诊断和治疗这些疾病的策略。
治疗年轻女性运动员三联征的主要目标是自然恢复月经，以及提高骨密度。虽然没有特定的药物干预措施被证明能持续改善该患者群体的骨密度，但建议最大限度地提高能量供应，并优化维生素 D 和钙的摄入。
治疗需要多学科的方法，涉及医疗保健专业人员以及教练和家庭成员。预防这种情况对于减少女性运动员三联征的并发症很重要。
