Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2013;75:49-67. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183707. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle, a component of the cellular reticular network that allows cells to adjust to a wide variety of conditions. The cardiomyocyte reticular network is the ideal location of sensors for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that disrupt energy and/or nutrient homeostasis and lead to ER stress, a disturbance in ER function. ER stress has been linked to both physiological and pathological states in the cardiovascular system; such states include myocardial infarction, oxygen starvation (hypoxia) and fuel starvation, ischemia, pressure overload, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, and heart failure. The ER stress coping response (e.g., the unfolded protein response) is composed of discrete pathways that are controlled by a collection of common regulatory components that may function as a single entity involved in reacting to ER stress. These corrective strategies allow the cardiomyocyte reticular network to restore energy and/or nutrient homeostasis and to avoid cell death. Therefore, the identities of the ER stress corrective strategies are important targets for the development of therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular and other acquired disorders.
内质网（ER）是一种多功能的细胞内细胞器，是细胞网状网络的组成部分，使细胞能够适应各种条件。心肌细胞网状网络是固有和外在因素的理想传感器位置，这些因素会破坏能量和/或营养物质的动态平衡，导致内质网应激，即内质网功能障碍。内质网应激与心血管系统的生理和病理状态有关；这些状态包括心肌梗死、缺氧（缺氧）和燃料饥饿、缺血、压力超负荷、扩张型心肌病、肥大和心力衰竭。内质网应激应对反应（例如，未折叠蛋白反应）由离散的途径组成，这些途径由一系列共同的调节成分控制，这些成分可能作为一个单一实体参与内质网应激反应。这些纠正策略使心肌细胞网状网络能够恢复能量和/或营养物质的动态平衡并避免细胞死亡。因此，内质网应激纠正策略的特性是开发心血管和其他获得性疾病治疗方法的重要目标。
