Cook Sarah E, Sisco Shannon M, Marsiske Michael
a Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2013;20(4):383-404. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2012.725459. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
While driving is a complex task, it becomes relatively automatic over time although unfamiliar situations require increased cognitive effort. Much research has examined driving risk in cognitively impaired elders and found little effect. This study assessed whether mildly memory impaired elders made disproportionate errors in driving or story recall, under simultaneous simulated driving and story recall. Forty-six healthy (61% women; mean age = 76.4) and 15 memory impaired (66% women, mean age = 79.4) elders participated. Cognitive status was determined by neuropsychological performance. Results showed that during dual-task conditions, participants stayed in lane more, and recalled stories more poorly, than when they did the tasks separately. Follow-up analysis revealed that verbatim recall, in particular, was reduced while driving for healthy participants. While memory impaired participants performed more poorly than healthy controls on both tasks, cognitive status was not associated with greater dual-task costs when driving and story recall were combined.
虽然驾驶是一项复杂的任务，但随着时间的推移，它会变得相对自动化，尽管不熟悉的情况需要更多的认知努力。许多研究已经考察了认知受损老年人的驾驶风险，发现影响不大。本研究评估了轻度记忆受损的老年人在同时进行模拟驾驶和故事回忆时，在驾驶或故事回忆中是否会出现不成比例的错误。46名健康老年人（61%为女性；平均年龄=76.4岁）和15名记忆受损老年人（66%为女性，平均年龄=79.4岁）参与了研究。认知状态由神经心理学表现确定。结果表明，在双重任务条件下，与分别完成任务时相比，参与者更多地保持在车道内，故事回忆也更差。后续分析显示，特别是对于健康参与者，在驾驶时逐字回忆减少。虽然记忆受损参与者在两项任务上的表现都比健康对照组差，但当驾驶和故事回忆相结合时，认知状态与更大的双重任务成本无关。
