Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;54(1):46-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02618.x. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
Evidence indicates that being a victim of bullying or peer aggression has negative short- and long-term consequences. In this study, we investigated the mediating and moderating role of two types of attributional mechanisms (hostile and self-blaming attributions) on children's maladjustment (externalizing and internalizing problems).
In total, 478 children participated in this longitudinal study from grade 5 to grade 7. Children, parents, and teachers repeatedly completed questionnaires. Peer victimization was assessed through peer reports (T1). Attributions were assessed through self-reports using hypothetical scenarios (T2). Parents and teachers reported on children's maladjustment (T1 and T3).
Peer victimization predicted increases in externalizing and internalizing problems. Hostile attributions partially mediated the impact of victimization on increases in externalizing problems. Self-blame was not associated with peer victimization. However, for children with higher levels of self-blaming attributions, peer victimization was linked more strongly with increases in internalizing problems.
Results imply that hostile attributions may operate as a potential mechanism through which negative experiences with peers lead to increases in children's aggressive and delinquent behavior, whereas self-blame exacerbates victimization's effects on internalizing problems.
有证据表明，遭受欺凌或同伴攻击会带来短期和长期的负面影响。在这项研究中，我们调查了两种归因机制（敌意归因和自责归因）对儿童适应不良（外化和内化问题）的中介和调节作用。
共有 478 名儿童参与了这项从五年级到七年级的纵向研究。儿童、家长和教师反复填写问卷。同伴侵害通过同伴报告（T1）进行评估。归因通过使用假设情景的自我报告（T2）进行评估。家长和教师报告了儿童的适应不良（T1 和 T3）。
同伴侵害预测了外化和内化问题的增加。敌意归因部分中介了侵害对外化问题增加的影响。自责与同伴侵害无关。然而，对于自责程度较高的儿童，同伴侵害与内化问题的增加更为相关。
研究结果表明，敌意归因可能是一种潜在的机制，通过这种机制，与同伴的负面经历会导致儿童的攻击和犯罪行为增加，而自责则会加剧侵害对内化问题的影响。
