Robazza Claudio, Morano Milena, Bortoli Laura, Ruiz Montse C
BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Parisi-De Sanctis Institute, MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research), Foggia, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 13;14:1205102. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205102. eCollection 2023.
In sport, where high achievements are at stake, athletes often feel pressure and emotions that hinder their performance. Emotion regulation becomes essential for athletes to handle stress, achieve optimal performance, and enhance their overall well-being. To advance both research and practical applications, it is crucial to examine the antecedents of emotion regulation and the impact on emotions and other feelings associated with performance. Specifically, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the role of athletes' emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) in the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction, emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences. The sample consisted of 424 competitive athletes (246 men and 178 women) involved in individual sports ( = 164; e.g., fencing, gymnastics, martial arts, swimming, and tennis) or team sports ( = 260; e.g., basketball, rugby, soccer, and volleyball), aged 16-36 years ( = 23.08, = 7.65). Their competitive experience ranged from 1 to 21 years ( = 9.71, = 6.34) at regional (71%), national (18%), or international (11%) level, and they practiced their sport on average 3.74 times a week ( = 1.73). Participants completed measures of basic needs satisfaction (i.e., competence, autonomy, and relatedness), emotion regulation style, emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences. Structural equation modeling results showed that competence need satisfaction was positively associated with pleasant emotions and psychobiosocial experiences that are perceived as functional for performance, and negatively associated with a maladaptive emotion regulation style (i.e., expressive suppression) and unpleasant emotions. Relatedness need satisfaction was positively related to an adaptive emotion regulation style (i.e., cognitive reappraisal), pleasant emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences, and negatively related to expressive suppression and unpleasant emotions. Finally, mediation analysis showed positive indirect effects from autonomy and relatedness satisfaction to pleasant emotions and psychobiosocial experiences via cognitive reappraisal. Findings suggest that the satisfaction of athletes' basic psychological needs of autonomy and relatedness is related to the experience of pleasant emotions and functional psychobiosocial states when they adopt an adaptive emotion regulation style.
在体育领域，取得优异成绩至关重要，运动员常常会感受到压力和情绪，这些会阻碍他们的表现。情绪调节对于运动员应对压力、实现最佳表现以及提升整体幸福感至关重要。为了推动研究和实际应用，审视情绪调节的前因以及对情绪和与表现相关的其他感受的影响至关重要。具体而言，这项横断面研究的目的是考察运动员的情绪调节策略（即认知重评和表达抑制）在基本心理需求满足、情绪和心理生物社会体验之间的关系中所起的作用。样本包括424名参与个人运动（n = 164；如击剑、体操、武术、游泳和网球）或团体运动（n = 260；如篮球、橄榄球、足球和排球）的竞技运动员，年龄在16至36岁之间（M = 23.08，SD = 7.65）。他们的比赛经验在地区（71%）、国家（18%）或国际（11%）层面上为1至21年（M = 9.71，SD = 6.34），且他们平均每周进行3.74次运动（SD = 1.73）。参与者完成了基本需求满足（即能力、自主性和关联性）、情绪调节方式、情绪以及心理生物社会体验的测量。结构方程模型结果表明，能力需求满足与被视为对表现有功能性的愉悦情绪和心理生物社会体验呈正相关，与适应不良的情绪调节方式（即表达抑制）和不愉快情绪呈负相关。关联性需求满足与适应性情绪调节方式（即认知重评）、愉悦情绪和心理生物社会体验呈正相关，与表达抑制和不愉快情绪呈负相关。最后，中介分析表明自主性和关联性满足通过认知重评对愉悦情绪和心理生物社会体验有正向间接影响。研究结果表明，当运动员采用适应性情绪调节方式时，他们自主性和关联性的基本心理需求满足与愉悦情绪体验和功能性心理生物社会状态相关。
