Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Jun;86(3):232-50. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.09.014. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the western world. It is also the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States with a recent estimate for new cases of colorectal cancer in the year 2012 being around 103,170. Various risk factors for colorectal cancer include life-style, diet, age, personal and family history, and racial and ethnic background. While a few cancers are certainly preventable but this does not hold true for colon cancer as it is often detected in its advanced stage and generally not diagnosed until symptoms become apparent. Despite the fact that several options are available for treating this cancer through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and nutritional-supplement therapy, but the success rates are not very encouraging when used alone where secondary complications appear in almost all these therapies. To maximize the therapeutic-effects in patients, combinatorial approaches are essential. In this review we have discussed the therapies previously and currently available to patients diagnosed with colorectal-cancer, focus on some recent developments in basic research that has shaded lights on new therapeutic-concepts utilizing macrophages/dendritic cells, natural killer cells, gene delivery, siRNA-, and microRNA-technology, and specific-targeting of tyrosine kinases that are either mutated or over-expressed in the cancerous cell to treat these cancer. Potential strategies are discussed where these concepts could be applied to the existing therapies under a comprehensive approach to enhance the therapeutic effects.
结直肠癌是西方世界癌症相关死亡的主要原因。在美国，结直肠癌也是男性和女性中诊断出的第三常见癌症，据最近估计，2012 年新诊断出的结直肠癌病例约为 103170 例。结直肠癌的各种风险因素包括生活方式、饮食、年龄、个人和家族史以及种族和民族背景。虽然有一些癌症是可以预防的，但结肠癌并非如此，因为它通常在晚期才被发现，而且通常只有在症状明显时才被诊断出来。尽管有几种选择可用于通过手术、化疗、放疗、免疫疗法和营养补充疗法治疗这种癌症，但单独使用这些方法的成功率并不高，因为几乎所有这些疗法都会出现继发性并发症。为了最大限度地提高患者的治疗效果，联合治疗方法是必不可少的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了以前和目前可用于诊断为结直肠癌的患者的治疗方法，重点介绍了一些基础研究方面的最新进展，这些进展为利用巨噬细胞/树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞、基因传递、siRNA-和 microRNA 技术以及结直肠癌中突变或过度表达的酪氨酸激酶的新治疗概念提供了启示，以治疗这些癌症。讨论了这些概念可以应用于现有治疗方法的潜在策略，以综合方法增强治疗效果。
