Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48255. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048255. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
The prevalence of hypertension in emerging nations was scarcely described to date. In Brazil, many population-based surveys evaluated the prevalence in cities throughout the country. However, there is no population-based nationwide study of prevalence of hypertension. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of hypertension for the country and analyzed the trends for the last three decades.
Cross-sectional and cohort studies conducted from 1980 to 2010 were independently identified by two reviewers, without language restriction, in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Scielo electronic databases. Unpublished studies were identified in the Brazilian electronic database of theses and in annals of Cardiology congresses and meetings. In total, 40 studies were selected, comprising 122,018 individuals.
Summary estimates of prevalence by the former WHO criteria (BP≥160/95 mmHg) in the 1980's and 1990's were 23.6% (95% CI 17.3-31.4%) and 19.6% (16.4-23.3%) respectively. The prevalence of hypertension by the JNC criteria (BP≥140/90 mmHg) in the 1980's, 1990's and 2000's were 36.1% (95% CI 28.7-44.2%), 32.9% (29.9-36.0%), and 28.7% (26.2-31.4%), respectively (P<0.001). In the 2000's, the pooled prevalence estimates of self-reported hypertension on telephone inquiries was 20.6% (19.0-22.4%), and of self-reported hypertension in home surveys was 25.2% (23.3-27.2%).
The prevalence of hypertension in Brazil seems to have diminished 6% in the last three decades, but it still is approximately 30%. Nationwide surveys by self-reporting by telephone interviews underestimate the real prevalence. Rates of blood pressure control decreased in the same period, corresponding currently to only one quarter of individuals with hypertension.
高血压在新兴国家的患病率迄今鲜有描述。在巴西，许多基于人群的调查评估了全国各城市的患病率。然而，尚无全国范围内基于人群的高血压患病率研究。本研究中，我们评估了巴西全国的高血压患病率，并分析了过去三十年的趋势。
通过两位评审员独立检索 1980 年至 2010 年的文献，检索数据库包括 PubMed、Embase、LILACS 和 Scielo 电子数据库，同时检索巴西电子学位论文数据库和心脏病学大会会刊以获取未发表的研究。共纳入 40 项研究，涵盖 122018 例个体。
按前世界卫生组织（WHO）标准（BP≥160/95mmHg），20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代的高血压患病率汇总估计值分别为 23.6%（95%CI 17.3-31.4%）和 19.6%（16.4-23.3%）。按美国联合委员会（JNC）标准（BP≥140/90mmHg），20 世纪 80 年代、90 年代和 2000 年代的高血压患病率分别为 36.1%（95%CI 28.7-44.2%）、32.9%（29.9-36.0%）和 28.7%（26.2-31.4%）（P<0.001）。2000 年代，通过电话询问报告的高血压患病率汇总估计值为 20.6%（19.0-22.4%），通过家庭调查报告的高血压患病率为 25.2%（23.3-27.2%）。
巴西的高血压患病率在过去三十年似乎下降了 6%，但仍约为 30%。通过电话询问报告的全国性调查低估了真实患病率。同期血压控制率下降，目前仅有四分之一的高血压患者得到控制。
