Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013 Feb;24(1):41-8. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283592eea.
This review summarizes current epidemiologic evidence regarding the associations of dietary fat and other nutrients with risk of stroke.
Recent epidemiologic studies show no association of total fat intake or absolute intakes of saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat with risk of stroke. Data on long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to stroke risk are inconclusive but may favor fewer strokes in women. Insufficient evidence exists for trans fatty acids, other fatty acids, and dietary cholesterol intake. Present evidence indicates that high dietary magnesium and potassium intakes may lower the risk of stroke, whereas a high sodium (salt) intake and a low dietary vitamin D intake likely increase stroke risk. Calcium does not prevent stroke in populations with moderate-to-high calcium intakes but might play a role in populations with low calcium intakes. Supplementation with single vitamins likely has no protective effect on stroke in well nourished populations.
Available epidemiologic evidence indicates that diets high in magnesium and potassium may play a role in the prevention of stroke, whereas a high sodium intake is a risk factor. It remains unclear whether specific fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and combinations of vitamins affect the risk of stroke.
本文综述了目前有关膳食脂肪和其他营养素与中风风险之间关系的流行病学证据。
最近的流行病学研究表明，总脂肪摄入量或饱和脂肪、单不饱和脂肪或多不饱和脂肪的绝对摄入量与中风风险之间没有关联。关于长链 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸与中风风险的关系的数据尚无定论，但可能对女性中风风险较低有利。反式脂肪酸、其他脂肪酸和膳食胆固醇摄入量的证据不足。目前的证据表明，高膳食镁和钾摄入量可能降低中风风险，而高钠（盐）摄入量和低膳食维生素 D 摄入量可能增加中风风险。钙不能预防中高钙摄入量人群的中风，但可能在低钙摄入量人群中发挥作用。在营养良好的人群中，单一维生素的补充可能对中风没有保护作用。
现有流行病学证据表明，富含镁和钾的饮食可能在预防中风方面发挥作用，而高钠摄入是一个危险因素。目前尚不清楚特定脂肪酸、膳食胆固醇和维生素组合是否会影响中风风险。
