Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Phytother Res. 2013 Oct;27(10):1423-38. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4886. Epub 2012 Nov 12.
Plant-based extracts present a large source of natural immune modulators, many of which have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Recent research efforts have identified plant extracts as potential modulators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the first responders in immunological defenses in normal and disease conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of the modulatory effects of plant-based extracts on TLR expression, signaling, and activation. We organized the review by extraction solvent and plant part showing how they impacted the TLRs. The phytochemical components of the extracts discovered to enable these effects are diverse and vary based on the plant part. The role of the extraction solvent and differences between the different phytochemical components, such as phenolics and polysaccharides, are discussed. Plant extracts hold promising treatments for controlling inflammation and, conversely, for stimulating the immune response. Further research is needed to identify bioactive components of the extracts, mechanisms of their action, and in vivo pharmacological effects using appropriate disease models to ultimately adapt the findings for clinical use.
植物提取物是天然免疫调节剂的重要来源，其中许多物质在传统医学中已经使用了数百年。最近的研究工作已经确定植物提取物是 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 的潜在调节剂，TLR 是正常和疾病状态下免疫防御的第一反应者。本综述旨在全面讨论植物提取物对 TLR 表达、信号转导和激活的调节作用。我们按提取溶剂和植物部位对综述进行组织，展示了它们如何影响 TLR。发现提取物中的植物化学物质成分多种多样，并且根据植物部位而有所不同。讨论了提取溶剂的作用以及不同植物化学物质成分（如酚类和多糖）之间的差异。植物提取物为控制炎症和相反地刺激免疫反应提供了有前景的治疗方法。需要进一步的研究来确定提取物的生物活性成分、它们的作用机制以及使用适当的疾病模型的体内药理学效应，最终将这些发现应用于临床。
