Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Can J Psychiatry. 2012 Nov;57(11):704-12. doi: 10.1177/070674371205701108.
Depression is a leading cause of disability and hospitalization. Women are at the highest risk of depression during their childbearing years, and the birth of a child may precipitate a depressive episode in vulnerable women. Postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with diminished maternal somatic health as well as health and developmental problems in their offspring. This review focuses on 2 PPD risk factors of emerging interest: serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) status.
The MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the key words postpartum depression, nutrition, omega-3 fatty acids, and serotonin transporter gene. Studies were also located by reviewing the reference lists of selected articles.
Seventy-five articles were identified as relevant to this review. Three carefully conducted studies reported associations between the 5-HTT genotype and PPD. As well, there is accumulating evidence that n-3 PUFA intake is associated with risk of PPD. Preliminary evidence suggests that there could be an interaction between these 2 emerging risk factors. However, further studies are required to confirm such an interaction and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Evidence to date supports a research agenda clarifying the associations between n-3 PUFAs, the 5-HTT genotype, and PPD. This is of particular interest owing to the high prevalence of poor n-3 PUFA intake among women of childbearing age and the consequent potential for alternative preventive measures and treatments for PPD.
抑郁症是导致残疾和住院的主要原因。女性在生育期最容易患抑郁症，而孩子的出生可能会使脆弱的女性陷入抑郁发作。产后抑郁症（PPD）与产妇躯体健康状况恶化以及其后代的健康和发育问题有关。本综述重点关注两种新出现的 PPD 风险因素：5-羟色胺转运体（5-HTT）基因型和ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）状况。
使用产后抑郁症、营养、ω-3 脂肪酸和 5-羟色胺转运体基因等关键词，在 MEDLINE、PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行搜索。还通过查阅选定文章的参考文献列表来查找研究。
确定了 75 篇与本综述相关的文章。三项精心进行的研究报告了 5-HTT 基因型与 PPD 之间的关联。此外，越来越多的证据表明 n-3 PUFA 摄入与 PPD 风险相关。初步证据表明，这两种新出现的风险因素之间可能存在相互作用。然而，需要进一步的研究来证实这种相互作用，并阐明潜在的机制。
迄今为止的证据支持澄清 n-3 PUFAs、5-HTT 基因型和 PPD 之间关联的研究议程。鉴于育龄妇女 n-3 PUFA 摄入不足的高患病率，以及由此产生的 PPD 的潜在替代预防措施和治疗方法，这一点尤其重要。
