Ron Santiago R, Venegas Pablo J, Toral Eduardo, Manzano Andrea L
Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
Zookeys. 2012(229):1-52. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.229.3580. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
We present a new phylogeny, based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, for frogs of the genus Osteocephalus with emphasis in the Osteocephalus buckleyi species complex. Genetic, morphologic, and advertisement call data are combined to define species boundaries and describe new species. The phylogeny shows strong support for: (1) a basal position of Osteocephalus taurinus + Osteocephalus oophagus, (2) a clade containing phytotelmata breeding species, and (3) a clade that corresponds to the Osteocephalus buckleyi species complex. Our results document a large proportion of hidden diversity within a set of populations that were previously treated as a single, widely distributed species, Osteocephalus buckleyi. Individuals assignable to Osteocephalus buckleyi formed a paraphyletic group relative to Osteocephalus verruciger and Osteocephalus cabrerai and contained four species, one of which is Osteocephalus buckleyisensu stricto and three are new. Two of the new species are shared between Ecuador and Peru (Osteocephalus vilmaesp. n. and Osteocephalus cannatellaisp. n.) and one is distributed in the Amazon region of southern Peru (Osteocephalus germanisp. n.) We discuss the difficulties of using morphological characters to define species boundaries and propose a hypothesis to explain them.
我们基于线粒体和核基因的DNA序列,提出了一种新的骨雨蛙属(Osteocephalus)蛙类系统发育树,重点关注巴克利骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus buckleyi)物种复合体。结合遗传、形态和鸣声数据来界定物种界限并描述新物种。该系统发育树有力支持了以下几点:(1)牛头骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus taurinus)和食卵骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus oophagus)处于基部位置;(2)一个包含在积水凤梨中繁殖的物种的分支;(3)一个对应于巴克利骨雨蛙物种复合体的分支。我们的结果表明,在先前被视为单一、广泛分布的物种——巴克利骨雨蛙的一组种群中,存在大量隐藏的多样性。相对于疣状骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus verruciger)和卡氏骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus cabrerai),可归为巴克利骨雨蛙的个体形成了一个并系群,其中包含四个物种,一个是狭义的巴克利骨雨蛙,另外三个是新物种。其中两个新物种分布于厄瓜多尔和秘鲁(维尔马骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus vilmaesp. n.)和坎纳特拉骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus cannatellaisp. n.)),一个分布于秘鲁南部的亚马逊地区(日耳曼骨雨蛙(Osteocephalus germanisp. n.))。我们讨论了使用形态特征来界定物种界限的困难,并提出了一个假说来解释这些困难。