Silent Spring Institute, 29 Crafts Street, Newton, Massachusetts, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Dec 18;46(24):13056-66. doi: 10.1021/es303879n. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
Higher house dust levels of PBDE flame retardants (FRs) have been reported in California than other parts of the world, due to the state's furniture flammability standard. However, changing levels of these and other FRs have not been evaluated following the 2004 U.S. phase-out of PentaBDE and OctaBDE. We analyzed dust collected in 16 California homes in 2006 and again in 2011 for 62 FRs and organohalogens, which represents the broadest investigation of FRs in homes. Fifty-five compounds were detected in at least one sample; 41 in at least 50% of samples. Concentrations of chlorinated OPFRs, including two (TCEP and TDCIPP) listed as carcinogens under California's Proposition 65, were found up to 0.01% in dust, higher than previously reported in the U.S. In 75% of the homes, we detected TDBPP, or brominated "Tris," which was banned in children's sleepwear because of carcinogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on TDBPP in house dust. Concentrations of Firemaster 550 components (EH-TBB, BEH-TEBP, and TPHP) were higher in 2011 than 2006, consistent with its use as a PentaBDE replacement. Results highlight the evolving nature of FR exposures and suggest that manufacturers continue to use hazardous chemicals and replace chemicals of concern with chemicals with uncharacterized toxicity.
由于加利福尼亚州的家具阻燃标准，该州住宅灰尘中的多溴联苯醚（PBDE）阻燃剂（FR）水平高于世界其他地区。然而，自 2004 年美国全面淘汰五溴二苯醚和八溴二苯醚以来，尚未对这些和其他 FR 的变化水平进行评估。我们分析了 2006 年和 2011 年在加利福尼亚州 16 个家庭中收集的灰尘，以研究 62 种 FR 和有机卤化物，这是对家庭 FR 最广泛的调查。至少有一个样本中检测到 55 种化合物；至少有 50%的样本中检测到 41 种化合物。检测到氯代 OPRF，包括两种（三氯乙烯和三氯异丙基磷酸酯），它们被加利福尼亚州 65 号提案列为致癌物质，在灰尘中的浓度高达 0.01%，高于美国此前的报告。在 75%的家庭中，我们检测到 TDBPP 或溴化“三硅氧烷”，因为其致癌性而被禁止用于儿童睡衣。据我们所知，这是房屋灰尘中 TDBPP 的首次报告。Firemaster 550 成分（EH-TBB、BEH-TEBP 和 TPHP）的浓度在 2011 年高于 2006 年，这与它作为五溴二苯醚替代品的使用情况一致。结果突出了 FR 暴露的不断变化的性质，并表明制造商继续使用危险化学品，并以毒性未知的化学品替代受关注的化学品。
