Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2013 Apr;19(2):147-59. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2012.0216. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
The periosteum, a thin, fibrous tissue layer covering most bones, resides in a dynamic, mechanically loaded environment. The periosteum also provides a niche for mesenchymal stem cells. The mechanics of periosteum vary greatly between species and anatomical locations, indicating the specialized role of periosteum as bone's bounding membrane. Furthermore, periosteum exhibits stress-state-dependent mechanical and material properties, hallmarks of a smart material. This review discusses what is known about the multiscale mechanical and material properties of the periosteum as well as their potential effect on the mechanosensitive progenitor cells within the tissue. Furthermore, this review addresses open questions and barriers to understanding periosteum's multiscale structure-function relationships. Knowledge of the smart material properties of the periosteum will maximize the translation of periosteum and substitute periosteum to regenerative medicine, facilitate the development of biomimetic tissue-engineered periosteum for use in instances where the native periosteum is lacking or damaged, and provide inspiration for a new class of smart, advanced materials.
骨膜是覆盖在大多数骨头上的一层薄而纤维状的组织，它处于动态、机械加载的环境中。骨膜也为间充质干细胞提供了一个小生境。骨膜的力学性质在不同物种和解剖部位之间有很大的差异，这表明骨膜作为骨的边界膜具有特殊的作用。此外，骨膜表现出与应力状态相关的力学和材料特性，这是智能材料的标志。 本综述讨论了已知的骨膜的多尺度力学和材料特性及其对组织内机械敏感祖细胞的潜在影响。此外，本综述还讨论了理解骨膜多尺度结构-功能关系的悬而未决的问题和障碍。了解骨膜的智能材料特性将最大限度地促进骨膜和替代骨膜在再生医学中的转化，促进仿生组织工程骨膜的发展，以应用于缺乏或损伤天然骨膜的情况，并为一类新的智能、先进材料提供灵感。
