Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jan;50:138-46. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.04.003. Epub 2012 May 7.
The current study tests, updates and expands a model of factors associated with sleepy driving, originally based on a 1997 survey of accident-involved Norwegian drivers (Sagberg, F., 1999. Road accidents caused by drivers falling asleep. Accident Analysis & Prevention 31, 639-649). The aim is to establish a robust model to inform measures to tackle sleepy driving. The original questions on (i) tiredness-related accidents and (ii) incidents of sleep behind the wheel in the last 12 months were again posed in 2003 and 2008, in independent surveys of Norwegian drivers involved in accidents reported to a large insurance company. According to those drivers at-fault for the accident, tiredness or sleepiness behind the wheel contributed to between 1.9 and 3.9 per cent of all types of accident reported to the insurance company across these years. Accident-involved drivers not at fault for the accident reported a reduction in the incidence of sleep behind the wheel for the preceding year, decreasing from 8.3 per cent in 1997 to 2.9 per cent in 2008. The reasons for this are not clear. According to logistic regression analysis of survey responses, the following factors were robustly associated with road accidents involving sleepy driving: driving off the road; good road conditions; longer distance driven since the start of the trip; and fewer years with a driving licence. The following factors are consistently associated with reports of sleep behind the wheel, whether or not it leads to an accident: being male; driving further per year; being younger; and having sleep-related health problems. Taken together these findings suggest that young, inexperienced male drivers who drive long distances may be a suitable target for road safety campaigns aimed at tackling sleepy driving.
本研究检验、更新和扩展了与疲劳驾驶相关的因素模型，该模型最初基于对 1997 年挪威事故驾驶员的调查（Sagberg，F.，1999. 驾驶员因困倦而导致的道路事故。事故分析与预防 31，639-649）。目的是建立一个稳健的模型，为解决疲劳驾驶问题提供信息。在 2003 年和 2008 年，对在一家大型保险公司报告事故的挪威驾驶员进行了独立调查，再次提出了关于（i）与疲劳相关的事故和（ii）过去 12 个月中在驾驶时入睡的事件的原始问题。根据那些对事故负有责任的驾驶员，在这些年报告给保险公司的所有类型的事故中，因疲劳或困倦而发生的事故占 1.9%至 3.9%。对事故没有责任的事故驾驶员报告称，前一年在驾驶时入睡的情况有所减少，从 1997 年的 8.3%减少到 2008 年的 2.9%。原因尚不清楚。根据对调查回复的逻辑回归分析，以下因素与涉及疲劳驾驶的道路事故有显著关联：驶离道路；路况良好；自旅行开始以来行驶的距离更长；以及驾驶执照的年限更少。以下因素与在驾驶时入睡的报告有一致关联，无论是否导致事故：男性；每年驾驶的距离更远；更年轻；以及存在与睡眠相关的健康问题。综上所述，这些发现表明，年轻、缺乏经验的男性驾驶员，行驶的距离较长，可能是旨在解决疲劳驾驶问题的道路安全运动的合适目标人群。
