Fritsch Thomas, Smyth Kathleen A, Wallendal Maggie S, Hyde Trevor, Leo Gary, Geldmacher David S
Parkinson Research Institute, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, 945 North 12th St, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
South Med J. 2012 Dec;105(12):650-6. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318273a60d.
More than 1 million people in the United States have Parkinson disease (PD), more than are diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and myasthenia gravis combined. PD affects approximately 1 in 100 Americans older than 60 years. It burdens patients, their care partners, and the overall healthcare system. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, putative environmental risk and protective factors, neuropathological aspects, heterogeneity, medical management, and recent studies regarding genetics and PD. The article suggests that based on new research, the prevalence of PD varies in different regions of the United States. Some progress has been made in identifying the risk and protective factors of PD, and a newly emphasized area of study in PD is genetics. Patient care recommendations, based on American Academy of Neurology practice guidelines, are outlined to show the state of contemporary medical management of PD and related disorders.
在美国，超过100万人患有帕金森病（PD），这一数字超过了被诊断患有多发性硬化症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、肌肉萎缩症和重症肌无力的人数总和。PD影响着约每100名60岁以上美国人中的1人。它给患者、他们的护理伙伴以及整个医疗系统带来负担。本文回顾了PD的流行病学、临床特征、假定的环境风险和保护因素、神经病理学方面、异质性、药物治疗以及有关遗传学和PD的最新研究。文章指出，基于新的研究，PD在美国不同地区的患病率有所不同。在确定PD的风险和保护因素方面已取得一些进展，而遗传学是PD一个新的重点研究领域。基于美国神经病学学会实践指南概述了患者护理建议，以展示PD及相关疾病当代药物治疗的现状。
