Compliance Services International, Rochester, Massachusetts 02770, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2013 Apr;9(2):308-18. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1387. Epub 2013 Feb 15.
Lemna spp. are the standard test species representing aquatic macrophytes in the current risk assessment schemes for herbicides and plant growth regulators in the European Union and North America. At a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 2008 workshop on Aquatic Macrophyte Risk Assessment for Pesticides (AMRAP), a Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) working group was formed to address uncertainties about the sensitivity of Lemna spp. relative to other aquatic macrophyte species. For 11 herbicides and 3 fungicides for which relevant and reliable data were found for at least 6 macrophyte species, SSDs were fitted using lognormal regression. The positions of L. gibba (the most commonly tested Lemna species) and Myriophyllum spicatum (for which standardized test methods are under development) in each SSD were determined where data were available. The sensitivity of standard algal test species required for pesticide registration in the United States under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) relative to the macrophytes in each SSD was also examined (algae were not included in the SSD). L. gibba was among the most sensitive macrophyte species for approximately 50% of the chemicals examined. M. spicatum was among the most sensitive macrophytes for approximately 25% of the chemicals. In most cases, the lowest FIFRA algal species endpoint was lower than the most sensitive macrophyte endpoint. Although no single species consistently represented the most sensitive aquatic plant species, for 12 of 14 chemicals L. gibba and the FIFRA algae included an endpoint near or below the 5th percentile of the macrophyte SSD. For the other compounds, M. spicatum was the most sensitive species of all aquatic plants considered.
浮萍属是水生大型植物的标准测试物种，代表水生植物，目前在欧盟和北美的除草剂和植物生长调节剂风险评估计划中使用。在环境毒物学和化学学会（SETAC）2008 年关于农药水生大型植物风险评估（AMRAP）的研讨会上，成立了一个物种敏感性分布（SSD）工作组，以解决浮萍属相对于其他水生大型植物物种的敏感性的不确定性。对于找到至少 6 种大型植物相关和可靠数据的 11 种除草剂和 3 种杀菌剂，使用对数正态回归拟合 SSD。在有数据的情况下，确定了每种 SSD 中最常用的浮萍测试物种 L. gibba 和正在制定标准化测试方法的 Myriophyllum spicatum 的位置。还检查了美国联邦杀虫剂、杀菌剂和灭鼠剂法案（FIFRA）要求登记农药的标准藻类测试物种相对于每种 SSD 中的大型植物的敏感性（藻类不包括在 SSD 中）。对于大约 50%的测试化学品，L. gibba 是最敏感的大型植物物种之一。对于大约 25%的化学品，M. spicatum 是最敏感的大型植物之一。在大多数情况下，最低的 FIFRA 藻类物种终点低于最敏感的大型植物终点。虽然没有一个单一的物种始终代表最敏感的水生植物物种，但对于 14 种化学品中的 12 种，L. gibba 和包括在 FIFRA 中的藻类终点接近或低于大型植物 SSD 的第 5 个百分位数。对于其他化合物，M. spicatum 是所有考虑的水生植物中最敏感的物种。
