Sigrist Roland, Rauter Georg, Marchal-Crespo Laura, Riener Robert, Wolf Peter
Sensory-Motor Systems (SMS) Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3 (ML G 57), 8092, Zurich, Switzerland,
Exp Brain Res. 2015 Mar;233(3):909-25. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-4167-7. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
Concurrent augmented feedback has been shown to be less effective for learning simple motor tasks than for complex tasks. However, as mostly artificial tasks have been investigated, transfer of results to tasks in sports and rehabilitation remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, the effect of different concurrent feedback was evaluated in trunk-arm rowing. It was then investigated whether multimodal audiovisual and visuohaptic feedback are more effective for learning than visual feedback only. Naïve subjects (N = 24) trained in three groups on a highly realistic virtual reality-based rowing simulator. In the visual feedback group, the subject's oar was superimposed to the target oar, which continuously became more transparent when the deviation between the oars decreased. Moreover, a trace of the subject's trajectory emerged if deviations exceeded a threshold. The audiovisual feedback group trained with oar movement sonification in addition to visual feedback to facilitate learning of the velocity profile. In the visuohaptic group, the oar movement was inhibited by path deviation-dependent braking forces to enhance learning of spatial aspects. All groups significantly decreased the spatial error (tendency in visual group) and velocity error from baseline to the retention tests. Audiovisual feedback fostered learning of the velocity profile significantly more than visuohaptic feedback. The study revealed that well-designed concurrent feedback fosters complex task learning, especially if the advantages of different modalities are exploited. Further studies should analyze the impact of within-feedback design parameters and the transferability of the results to other tasks in sports and rehabilitation.
研究表明，与复杂运动任务相比，同时提供增强反馈对简单运动任务学习的效果较差。然而，由于大多研究的是人工任务，因此其结果向体育和康复任务的转化情况尚不清楚。所以，在本研究中，评估了不同同时反馈在躯干 - 手臂划船任务中的效果。随后研究了多模态视听反馈和视觉触觉反馈是否比仅视觉反馈对学习更有效。24名新手受试者在基于高度逼真虚拟现实的划船模拟器上分为三组进行训练。在视觉反馈组中，受试者的桨与目标桨叠加，当桨之间的偏差减小时，目标桨会持续变得更透明。此外，如果偏差超过阈值，会出现受试者轨迹的痕迹。视听反馈组除视觉反馈外，还通过桨运动的声音化进行训练，以促进速度曲线的学习。在视觉触觉组中，桨运动会因路径偏差相关的制动力而受到抑制，以增强空间方面的学习。从基线测试到保留测试，所有组的空间误差（视觉组有趋势）和速度误差均显著降低。视听反馈在促进速度曲线学习方面比视觉触觉反馈显著更有效。该研究表明，精心设计的同时反馈可促进复杂任务学习，特别是在利用不同模态优势的情况下。进一步的研究应分析反馈内设计参数的影响以及结果向体育和康复中其他任务的可转移性。
