Panzer Stefan, Kennedy Deanna, Wang Chaoyi, Shea Charles H
Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2018 Feb;236(2):539-550. doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-5153-7. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
An experiment was conducted to determine if the performance and learning of a multi-frequency (1:2) coordination pattern between the limbs are enhanced when a model is provided prior to each acquisition trial. Research has indicated very effective performance of a wide variety of bimanual coordination tasks when Lissajous plots with goal templates are provided, but this research has also found that participants become dependent on this information and perform quite poorly when it is withdrawn. The present experiment was designed to test three forms of modeling (Lissajous with template, Lissajous without template, and limb model), but in each situations, the model was presented prior to practice and not available during the performance of the task. This was done to decrease dependency on the model and increase the development of an internal reference of correctness that could be applied on test trials. A control condition was also collected, where a metronome was used to guide the movement. Following less than 7 min of practice, participants in the three modeling conditions performed the first test block very effectively; however, performance of the control condition was quite poor. Note that Test 1 was performed under the same conditions as used during acquisition. Test 2 was conducted with no augmented information provided prior to or during the performance of the task. Only participants in the limb model condition were able to maintain performance on Test 2. The findings suggest that a very simple intuitive display can provide the necessary information to form an effective internal representation of the coordination pattern which can be used guide performance when the augmented display is withdrawn.
进行了一项实验，以确定在每次习得试验前提供一个模型时，四肢之间多频率（1:2）协调模式的表现和学习是否会得到增强。研究表明，当提供带有目标模板的李萨如图时，各种双手协调任务的表现非常有效，但这项研究也发现，参与者会依赖这些信息，当信息撤回时，他们的表现会相当差。本实验旨在测试三种建模形式（带模板的李萨如图、不带模板的李萨如图和肢体模型），但在每种情况下，模型都是在练习前呈现，在任务执行过程中不可用。这样做是为了减少对模型的依赖，并增加可应用于测试试验的内部正确性参考的发展。还收集了一个对照条件，其中使用节拍器来指导运动。经过不到7分钟的练习，三种建模条件下的参与者在第一个测试块中表现得非常有效；然而，对照条件下的表现相当差。请注意，测试1是在与习得过程相同的条件下进行的。测试2是在任务执行前或执行过程中不提供增强信息的情况下进行的。只有肢体模型条件下的参与者能够在测试2中保持表现。研究结果表明，一个非常简单直观的显示可以提供必要的信息，以形成协调模式的有效内部表征，当增强显示撤回时，该表征可用于指导表现。
