Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
Trends Genet. 2013 Apr;29(4):248-56. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
Efficiency and precision in plant breeding can be enhanced by using diagnostic DNA-based markers for the selection of superior cultivars. This technique has been applied to many crops, including potatoes. The first generation of diagnostic DNA-based markers useful in potato breeding were enabled by several developments: genetic linkage maps based on DNA polymorphisms, linkage mapping of qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits, cloning and functional analysis of genes for pathogen resistance and genes controlling plant metabolism, and association genetics in collections of tetraploid varieties and advanced breeding clones. Although these have led to significant improvements in potato genetics, the prediction of most, if not all, natural variation in agronomic traits by diagnostic markers ultimately requires the identification of the causal genes and their allelic variants. This objective will be facilitated by new genomic tools, such as genomic resequencing and comparative profiling of the proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome in combination with phenotyping genetic materials relevant for variety development.
利用诊断性 DNA 标记物进行优良品种的选择，可提高植物育种的效率和精确性。该技术已应用于许多作物，包括马铃薯。第一代在马铃薯育种中有用的诊断性 DNA 标记物是通过以下几个方面的发展实现的：基于 DNA 多态性的遗传连锁图谱、定性和定量农艺性状的连锁作图、抗病原体和控制植物代谢的基因的克隆和功能分析，以及四倍体品种和高级育种克隆集合中的关联遗传学。尽管这些方法已经使马铃薯遗传学取得了重大进展，但诊断标记物对大多数（如果不是全部）农艺性状的自然变异的预测最终需要鉴定因果基因及其等位变异。新的基因组工具（如基因组重测序和蛋白质组、转录组和代谢组的比较分析），结合与品种开发相关的遗传材料的表型分析，将有助于实现这一目标。
