Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Second Hospital of LanZhou University, LanZhou, 730030, People's Republic of China.
Pediatr Radiol. 2013 Apr;43(4):474-8. doi: 10.1007/s00247-012-2506-z. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
In 2008, the melamine-tainted-milk incident started with reports of increased incidence of urolithiasis in infants in China. Affected children were screened for urolithiasis.
The purpose of this study was to analyze sonographic characterization of infant melamine-induced urolithiasis.
Transabdominal US examination was done in 603 infants with melamine-induced calculi. The imaging characteristics of calculi and hydronephrosis were analyzed. Follow-up US imaging was performed.
Comet-tail sign was seen behind the calculus of <4 mm. Calculi of ≥ 4 mm were found in 299 inpatients with clear posterior border and with or without light shadowing. Solitary and multiple stones had similar incidence. Incidence of calculi in the inferior renal calyx was the highest (55.2%) in inpatients. Calculus size in inpatients age 2-3 years was smaller than that of children younger than 2 years old (P < 0.05). Inpatients age 2-3 years had the highest incidence rate (48.0%) of hydronephrosis.
Calculi of <4 mm manifested as hyperechoic foci near the renal papillae, while calculi of ≥ 4 mm usually manifested as echogenic foci with visible inferior edge in the renal calyx. Hydronephrosis was a common imaging finding in inpatients ages 2-3 years.
2008 年，三聚氰胺污染奶粉事件首先报道了中国婴儿结石病发病率上升。受影响的儿童接受了结石病筛查。
本研究旨在分析三聚氰胺诱导婴儿结石的超声特征。
对 603 例三聚氰胺结石患儿进行经腹超声检查。分析结石和肾积水的影像学特征，并进行随访超声检查。
<4mm 的结石后可见彗尾征。299 例住院患儿结石≥4mm，边界清晰，伴或不伴淡影。单发和多发结石的发生率相似。住院患者中肾盂下盏结石的发生率最高（55.2%）。2-3 岁患儿的结石大小小于 2 岁以下患儿（P<0.05）。2-3 岁住院患儿肾积水的发生率最高（48.0%）。
<4mm 的结石表现为肾乳头附近的高回声灶，而≥4mm 的结石通常表现为肾盏内可见下缘的强回声灶。肾积水是 2-3 岁住院患儿的常见影像学表现。
