Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Jun 3;43:72-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.12.006. Epub 2012 Dec 22.
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor neurological abnormalities, including motor, sensory, and inhibitory dysfunction. Schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of NSS. However, the relationships between NSS and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression are unclear. The present study aimed to examine the specificity of NSS among these three clinical groups.
A total of 120 demographically matched participants (30 each in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and healthy controls) were recruited for the study. NSS subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) were administered to each participant.
Significant differences were found in the total score of NSS (p<0.01), and the subscale scores for motor coordination (p<0.01), sensory integration (p=0.01) and disinhibition (p<0.01). Both patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed more total NSS signs than healthy controls (p<0.01). Patients with schizophrenia also showed more total NSS signs than patients with major depression (p=0.02). Both patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder showed more motor coordination signs than healthy controls and patients with major depression (p<0.05). Moreover, compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed more disinhibition signs (p<0.01), while patients with bipolar disorder showed more sensory integration signs (p<0.01). Discriminant analysis showed 77.5% of correct classification of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from patients with major depression and healthy controls.
NSS are not unique to schizophrenia, but are also found in bipolar disorder, while patients with major depression are comparable to normal controls. Our results suggest that NSS, especially motor-coordination signs, can differentiate schizophrenia from major depression but not bipolar disorder. Our results may provide further evidence to support the similarity between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from the dimension of behavioral expression.
神经学软体征（NSS）是指轻微的神经功能异常，包括运动、感觉和抑制功能障碍。精神分裂症和其他神经精神疾病的 NSS 患病率较高。然而，NSS 与精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在检验这三种临床人群中 NSS 的特异性。
共招募了 120 名在人口统计学上匹配的参与者（每组 30 名，包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、重度抑郁症和健康对照组）。每位参与者都接受了剑桥神经学检查（CNI）的 NSS 子量表测试。
NSS 的总分（p<0.01）、运动协调（p<0.01）、感觉整合（p=0.01）和抑制解除（p<0.01）子量表评分存在显著差异。精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者的总 NSS 体征均多于健康对照组（p<0.01）。精神分裂症患者的总 NSS 体征也多于重度抑郁症患者（p=0.02）。精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者的运动协调体征均多于健康对照组和重度抑郁症患者（p<0.05）。此外，与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者表现出更多的抑制解除迹象（p<0.01），而双相情感障碍患者表现出更多的感觉整合迹象（p<0.01）。判别分析显示，将精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者与重度抑郁症和健康对照组区分开来的正确率为 77.5%。
NSS 不仅存在于精神分裂症中，也存在于双相情感障碍中，而重度抑郁症患者与正常对照组相当。我们的结果表明，NSS，特别是运动协调迹象，可以将精神分裂症与重度抑郁症区分开来，但不能将其与双相情感障碍区分开来。我们的结果可能为支持从行为表现维度来看精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的相似性提供进一步的证据。
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