Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Apr;24(2):439-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01505.x. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
The purpose was to examine cigarette smoking, use of snus, alcohol, and performance-enhancing illicit drugs among adolescent elite athletes and controls, and possible gender and sport group differences. First-year students at 16 Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools (n = 677) and two randomly selected high schools (controls, n = 421) were invited to participate. Totally, 602 athletes (89%) and 354 (84%) controls completed the questionnaire. More controls than athletes were smoking, using snus, and drinking alcohol. Competing in team sports was associated with use of snus [odds ratio = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 4.7] and a similar percentage of male and female handball (22.2% vs 18.8%) and soccer players (15.7% vs 15.0%) reported using snus. For controls, not participating in organized sport was a predictor for smoking (odds ratio = 4.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 10.9). Female athletes were more prone to drink alcohol than males (46.3% vs 31.0%, P < 0.001). Only, 1.2% athletes and 2.8% controls reported use of performance-enhancing illicit drugs. In conclusion, use of legal drugs is less common among athletes, but this relationship depends on type of sport and competition level. The association between team sports and use of snus suggests that sport subcultures play a role.
目的是研究青少年精英运动员和对照组中吸烟、使用鼻烟、饮酒和使用增强性能的非法药物的情况，以及可能存在的性别和运动项目差异。邀请了 16 所挪威精英体育高中（n=677）和 2 所随机选择的高中（对照组，n=421）的一年级学生参加。共有 602 名运动员（89%）和 354 名（84%）对照组完成了问卷。对照组中吸烟者、使用鼻烟者和饮酒者的比例均高于运动员。参加团体运动与使用鼻烟有关[优势比=2.8，95%置信区间（CI）1.6 至 4.7]，且男女手球（22.2%对 18.8%）和足球运动员（15.7%对 15.0%）使用鼻烟的比例相似。对于对照组来说，不参加有组织的运动是吸烟的预测因素（优势比=4.9，95%CI 2.2 至 10.9）。女运动员比男运动员更倾向于饮酒（46.3%对 31.0%，P<0.001）。只有 1.2%的运动员和 2.8%的对照组报告使用增强性能的非法药物。结论是，合法药物的使用在运动员中较少见，但这种关系取决于运动项目和比赛水平。团体运动与使用鼻烟之间的关联表明，运动亚文化发挥了作用。
