Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, UMR241, Laboratoire des Microalgues Toxiques, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(3):567-86. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2012.755644. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), a disease caused by consuming fish that have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their tissue, is regarded as the most prevalent form of intoxication in French Polynesia. Recently, the Australes, one of the least affected archipelago until the early 1980s, has shown a dramatic increase in its incidence rates in 2009 with unusual CFP cases. In the present work, potential health hazards associated with the proliferation of various marine phytoplankton species and the consumption of fish and marine invertebrates highly popular among local population were assessed in three Australes islands: Raivavae, Rurutu and Rapa. Extracts from the marine dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus, Ostreospis and mat-forming cyanobacteria as well as fish, giant clams and sea urchin samples were examined for the presence of CTXs and palytoxin (PLTX) by using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a). Cytotoxic responses observed with both standards (Pacific CTX-3C and PLTX) and targeted marine products indicate that CBA-N2a is a robust screening tool, with high sensitivity and good repeatability and reproducibility. In Rurutu and Raivavae islands, our main findings concern the presence of CTX-like compounds in giant clams and sea urchins, suggesting a second bio-accumulation route for CFP toxins in the ciguatera food chain. In Rapa, the potential CFP risk from Gambierdiscus bloom and fish was confirmed for the first time, with levels of CTXs found above the consumer advisory level of 0.01 ng Pacific CTX-1B g(-1) of flesh in three fish samples. However, despite the presence of trace level of PLTX in Ostreopsis natural assemblages of Rapa, no sign of PLTX accumulation is yet observed in tested fish samples. Because this multi-toxinic context is likely to emerge in most French Polynesian islands, CBA-N2a shows great potential for future applications in the algal- and toxin-based field monitoring programmes currently on hand locally.
雪卡鱼中毒（CFP）是一种由摄入组织中积累雪卡毒素（CTXs）的鱼类引起的疾病，被认为是法属波利尼西亚最常见的中毒形式。最近，直到 20 世纪 80 年代初受影响最小的Australes 群岛之一，在 2009 年其发病率急剧上升，出现了不寻常的 CFP 病例。在本工作中，评估了三个 Australes 岛屿（Raivavae、Rurutu 和 Rapa）中各种海洋浮游植物物种的增殖以及当地居民非常喜欢的鱼类、海洋无脊椎动物的消费与潜在健康危害。使用基于神经母细胞瘤细胞的测定法（CBA-N2a）检查了海洋甲藻 Gambierdiscus、Ostreospis 和形成基质的蓝藻以及鱼类、巨型蛤蜊和海胆样品提取物中 CTXs 和鲍鱼毒素（PLTX）的存在。用两种标准（太平洋 CTX-3C 和 PLTX）和靶向海洋产品观察到的细胞毒性反应表明，CBA-N2a 是一种强大的筛选工具，具有高灵敏度、良好的重复性和再现性。在 Rurutu 和 Raivavae 岛上，我们的主要发现是巨型蛤蜊和海胆中存在 CTX 类似化合物，这表明 CFP 毒素在雪卡鱼食物链中的第二种生物积累途径。在 Rapa，首次确认 Gambierdiscus 藻华和鱼类存在 CFP 风险，在三个鱼类样本中发现 CTXs 水平超过 0.01 ng 太平洋 CTX-1B g(-1) 鱼肉的消费者建议水平。然而，尽管在 Rapa 的 Ostreopsis 天然组合中存在痕量的 PLTX，但在测试的鱼类样本中尚未观察到 PLTX 积累的迹象。由于这种多毒素的情况很可能出现在大多数法属波利尼西亚岛屿上，CBA-N2a 显示出在当地目前进行的藻类和毒素现场监测计划中具有很大的应用潜力。
